甜菜碱型烯类单体与羟乙基纤维素的接枝聚合

将甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯与氯乙酸钠反应制得１种甜菜碱型丙性单体ＤＭＡＣ,用ＩＲ、＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ对其结构进行了表征。研究了硝酸铈铵／乙二胺四乙酸氧化原体系引发ＤＭＡＣ与羧乙基纤维素的接枝聚合反应,着重地反应温度、时间、单体浓度及引发剂组成对接枝共聚的影响。     

新型沥青乳化剂的合成与性能测试

以烷基二胺、环氧丙烷和氯乙酸为原料合成出N,N,N-（2-羟基丙基）（二乙酸基）-N：N’-十八烷基乙酸基丙撑二胺盐酸盐新型甜菜碱阳离子沥青乳化剂,并利用红外光谱对产物结构进行鉴定。乳化性能测试表明,该乳化剂具有很好的乳化能力,为慢裂快凝型沥青乳化剂。利用表面张力法,测定了该乳化剂的临界胶束浓度为9．27×10^-5mol／L,在临界胶束浓度下的表面张力为43．11×10^-3N／m。该乳化剂合成工艺简单,是一种比较有发展前途的慢裂快凝型沥青乳化剂。     

芳香族甜菜碱型加脂复鞣剂在制革中的应用

着重研究了带有C18烷烃链的芳香族甜菜型加脂复鞣剂结构特点与鞣革性能之间的关系,描述复鞣剂分子与革纤维、染料、加脂剂以及其它复鞣材料间的相互作用。应用结果清楚表明,单独使用时芳香族甜菜碱加脂复鞣剂给革以丰润柔和的手感;若与多种复鞣材料搭配使用,亦可制得丰满坚实的革。     

甜菜碱型表面活性剂复配皂洗剂性能研究

研究了十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱（BS—12）和羟磺基甜菜碱（LHs）两种两性表面活性剂分别与不同类型的非离子表面活性剂进行复配后的净洗性能．并对复配体系添加硅酸钠的净洗性能进行进一步的研究。结果表明,BS—12复配体系的净洗效果优于LHS复配体系,其中以BS—12与非离子表面活性剂以4：1比例复配后效果达到最好。在两种表面活性剂复配体系中添加一定量的硅酸钠,复配体系的净洗效果也有不同程度的提高。     

Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro

The cover image is based on the Research Article Betaine addition as a potent ruminal fermentation modulator under hyperthermal and hyperosmotic conditions in vitro by Mubarik Mahmood et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10255 .

     

Modulation of drought adversities in Vicia faba by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and biochar

Drought is the greatest threat to world food security, seen as the catalyst for the great famines of the past. Given that the world's water supply is limited, it is likely that future demand of food for increasing population will further exacerbate the drought effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of biochar and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246) and Cellulomonas pakistanensis (NCCP11) on agronomic and physiological attributes of Vicia faba two varieties Desi (V1) and Pulista (V2) under induced drought stress. The seeds were sown in earthen pots filled with 3 kg sand and soil (1:2), and biochar (0 and 5% w/w) in triplicate arranged in complete randomized design. Analysis of biochar possessed 0.49 g cm⁻³ bulk density, 9.6 pH; 5.4 cmol kg⁻¹ cation exchange capacity, 3.64% organic carbon and EC 6.7 ds/m. Agronomic attributes including seed LAI, LAR, SVI, %PHSI and RWC were improved by 30.4–180.4%, 14.37–47.20%, 37.64–50.91%, 18.21–30.80, and 35.82–54.34% in both varieties by the co-application of biochar and PGPR. Stomatal physiology and epidermal vigor was successfully improved by the application of PGPR and biochar as analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, phenols, proline and glycine betaine were amplified by 58.33–173.8%, 50.59–130.33%, 46.58–86.62%, 46.66–109.30%, 35.74–56.10%, and 21.96–77.22% in both varieties by the co-application of biochar and PGPR. So, the present work concluded that, combined application of biochar and PGPR could be an effective strategy to alleviate the adversities of drought in V. faba growing in drastic ecosystems.     

Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has made a huge impact in macromolecular design. The first block copolymers were described early on, followed by star polymers and then graft polymers. In the last five years, the types of architectures available have become more and more complex. Star and graft polymers now have block structures within their branches, or a range of different branches can be found growing from one core or backbone. Even the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers can be positively influenced by RAFT polymerization, allowing end group control or control over the branching density. The creative combination of RAFT polymerization with other polymerization techniques, such as ATRP or ring-opening polymerization, has extended the array of available architectures. In addition, dendrimers were incorporated either as star core or endfunctionalities. A range of synthetic chemistry pathways have been utilized and combined with polymer chemistry, pathways such as ‘click chemistry’. These combinations have allowed the creation of novel structures. RAFT processes have been combined with natural polymers and other naturally occurring building blocks, including carbohydrates, polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, proteins and peptides. The result from the intertwining of natural and synthetic materials has resulted in the formation of hybrid biopolymers. Following these developments over the last few years, it is remarkable to see that RAFT polymerization has grown from a lab curiosity to a polymerization tool that is now been used with confidence in material design. Most of the described synthetic procedures in the literature in recent years, which incorporate RAFT polymerization, have been undertaken in order to design advanced materials.     

Determination of the betaine content of feed ingredients using high‐performance liquid chromatography

A series of studies was conducted to establish a methodology for the accurate and efficient determination of betaine in different feed ingredients. The final methodology involves an extraction step in which the feed sample is heated for 3 h in a methanolic KOH solution using a Goldfisch apparatus. Impurities are removed by the addition of activated charcoal and concentrated (36%) HCl. After centrifugation the extractant is passed through a strong cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W‐X12, H⁺). The betaine retained in the column is eluted with 1.5 N HCl. A 2 ml aliquot of the elute is air dried and reconstituted with 1 ml of deionised water. HPLC separation with a cation exchange column (Partisil SCX‐10) is used for the separation of betaine from other compounds. The mobile phase is kept constant at 50 mM KH₂PO₄ in water, and eluted compounds are detected by UV absorbance (200 nm). The flow rate is maintained at 1.5 ml min^?1. This assay is very accurate over the range of betaine concentrations from 15 to 650 µg ml^?1, with a lower detection limit in feeds of approximately 500 µg g^?1 when 4 g of sample is extracted. Recovery assays done with standard betaine hydrochloride and hard red wheat resulted in a consistent recovery of 80%. Betaine content was quantified in several feed ingredients, including alfalfa (1.77 mg kg^?1), wheat (3.96 mg kg^?1), wheat middlings (4.98 mg kg^?1) and poultry meal (0.77 mg kg^?1). Betaine in corn and soybean meal was not detectable by this method, even when 16 g of sample was used (<125 mg kg^?1). Betaine present in several feed ingredients should influence choline supplementation to animal feeds and may have implications for human health. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

丙磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂的合成与研究

以十六醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠为原料合成了N,N-二甲基-N(2-羟基-3-十六烷氧基)丙铵基-(2-羟基)丙磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂(C16SZ).对中间产物十六烷氧基缩水甘油醚的合成条件进行了探讨,确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度60℃,反应时间4h,n(环氧氯丙烷):n(十六醇)为1.5,催化剂用...