Hydroxysulfobetaine/Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Complex Systems for Gudao Heavy Oil Recovery: A Dynamic Interfacial Tension Study

Abstract

A complex system that consists of hydroxysulfobetaine and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide has been studied. It is indicated that the complex system is of high viscosity and can reduce the interfacial tension between Gudao heavy oil and solution to ultra-low value. The interfacial tension of complex system in formation water is influenced simultaneously by the concentration of polymer and the salt content. The adsorption experiment shows that hydrolyzed polyacrylamide can prevent hydroxysulfobetaine from being adsorbed on the quartz sands excessively. It can be concluded that the hydroxysulfobetaine/hydrolyzed polyacrylamide complex system is capable of satisfying the requirements of displacement system for EOR.     

多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱

概述了国内外多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的制备与性能。详细分析了椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的结构特性,系统地介绍了其反应原理和制备工艺。提出了提高产品质量和收率的可行性方案,对其水溶、去污、发泡、增稠、调理以及温和等突出性能作了介绍,并举例进行应用方面的讨论。     

可裂解的表面活性剂(英)(待续)

可裂解的表面活性剂值得关注有几方面的原因。首先,弱键联接的表面活性剂分子结构迎合了改善两亲性物质生物降解能力的发展趋势。裂解可以被酶催化,其生物降解作用可能与污水处理的一般发机理相符合。另外,这些表面活性剂也可以妥,例如,用酸、碱、此一（ＵＶ）、热或臭氧诱发降解反应,对酸、碱不稳定的表面活性剂已引起特别关注,因为在初始步骤所需的稳定性与其在后续步骤中应易裂解并不冲突。综述了制可裂解性表面活性剂的主     

十八烷基甜菜碱的合成与应用性能

研究了由十八烷基叔胺同氯乙酸及氢氧化钠反应合成十八烷基甜菜碱的工艺条件 ,对反应温度和投料比等参数进行了详细的探讨 ,结合适当的反应时间及搅拌速度 ,得出了最佳的合成工艺条件。测试了十八烷基甜菜碱的表面张力、抗静电性、乳化性等应用性能 ,并与十二烷基甜菜碱进行了对比。     

Synthesis and swelling properties of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐1‐vinyl‐3‐(3‐sulfopropyl)imidazolium betaine hydrogels

A series of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate/1‐vinyl‐3‐(3‐sulfopropyl)imidazolium betaine (HEMA/VSIB) copolymeric gels were prepared from various molar ratios of HEMA and the zwitterionic monomer VSIB. The influence of the amount of VSIB in copolymeric gels on their swelling behavior in water and various saline solutions at different temperatures and the drug‐release behavior, compression strength, and crosslinking density were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the PHEMA hydrogel and the lower VSIB content (3%) in the HEMA/VSIB gel exhibited an overshooting phenomenon in their dynamic swelling behavior, and the overshooting ratio decreased with increase of the temperature. In the equilibrium water content, the value increased with increase of the VSIB content in HEMA/VSIB hydrogels. In the saline solution, the water content for these gels was not affected by the ion concentration when the salt concentration was lower than the minimum salt concentration (MSC) of poly(VSIB). When the salt concentration was higher than the MSC of poly(VSIB), the deswelling behavior of the copolymeric gel was more effectively suppressed as more VSIB was added to the copolymeric gels. However, the swelling behavior of gels in KI, KBr, NaClO₄, and NaNO₃ solutions at a higher concentration would cause an antipolyelectrolyte phenomenon. Besides, the anion effects were larger than were the cation effects in the presence of a common anion (Cl^?) with different cations and a common cation (K⁺) with different anions for the hydrogel. In drug‐release behavior, the addition of VSIB increased the drug‐release ratio and the release rate. Finally, the addition of VSIB in the hydrogel improved the gel strength and crosslinking density of the gel. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2888–2900, 2001     

两性表面活性剂（八）——两性表面活性剂的合成

较为详细地介绍了烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱及其他若干种甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成,并比较了其中一些合成路线,特别是磺基甜菜碱的几种合成方法。对咪唑啉中间体、两性咪唑啉合成中的主要副产物及两性咪唑啉的开环结构进行了报道。对氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的原料胺、长链烷基氨基酸及烷基低聚氨基酸的合成方法也进行了讨论。     

含羧基有机蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的结构与性能

通过蒙脱土与酸化椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(CAB)进行正离子交换,制备了含羧基的有机蒙脱土(OMMT),用OMMT与天然橡胶(NR)复合制得插层型纳米复合材料。对OMMT的结构进行了表征,研究了OMMT对NR/OMMT纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,酸化CAB溶液改性OMMT的层间距较蒙脱土改性者有较大幅度的增加;少量OMMT可改善NR的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率,同时维持较低的拉伸永久变形;OMMT对复合材料的硫化表现出促进作用,但其含量对复合材料的硫化特性影响不大。     

甜菜碱对溶菌酶去折叠热力学和复性动力学的影响

应用荧光分析技术考察了甜菜碱对溶菌酶在盐酸胍溶液中稳定性的影响;并提出将甜菜碱作为添加剂应用于彻底变性还原溶菌酶的复性;同时应用表观竞争反应动力学模型分析了不同浓度甜菜碱对溶菌酶复性动力学的影响特性。结果表明,甜菜碱对溶菌酶具有稳定作用,可以作为添加剂促进变性还原溶菌酶的复性。甜菜碱可以抑制复性过程溶菌酶分子间的聚集,同时提高溶菌酶的复性速率,从而提高溶菌酶的复性收率。     

Influence of osmolytes on the stability of thylakoid‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in incorporating naturally occurring components of the photosynthetic apparatus into man‐made solar cells, because of the high quantum efficiency of photosynthetic reaction centers. One hurdle to overcome regarding the use of native membranes in these devices is their limited lifespans. In this study, we used stabilizers to increase the long‐term viability of biomolecules in vitro, thereby alleviating this challenge. In this regard, it is known that osmolytes, such as glycine betaine (GB) and sucrose, preserve photosynthetic activity in isolated photosystems. Upon investigation of the thermal protection properties of GB and sucrose in thylakoid‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells, we report that the addition of GB and sucrose to the thylakoid photosensitizer maintains nonzero photocurrent in the thylakoid‐based solar cell upon heating to 50°C. At 50°C, the GB‐containing cell displayed about a fourfold increase in photocurrent than the control cell, in which the photocurrent was decreased to nearly zero. The addition of 0.5M and 1M sucrose has respectively caused nearly 40% and 70% increases in photoinduced electron transfer activity over the control at 35°С. Similarly, though to a lesser extent, 1M GB caused an approximate 40% increase in electron transfer activity as well. Moving forward, this approach will be extended to alternative membrane protein isolation strategies, allowing for an accurate comparison with traditional detergent‐isolated complexes, with the ultimate goal of developing a cost‐effective and sustainable solar cell.