一种压裂用黏弹性表面活性剂的合成及其应用性能研究

为降低压裂过程对地层的伤害,以芥酸为主要原料,合成了一种可生物降解的甜菜碱型黏弹性表面活性剂,并对其反应条件进行了优化。最佳合成工艺如下:酰胺化反应中芥酸与N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺的摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应温度150℃,反应时间为12h;季铵化反应中环氧氯丙烷与Na2SO3以等摩尔量混合后与中间体反应,摩尔比为1.2∶1,反应温度80℃,反应时间为6h。最终产物为表面活性剂有效含量为65%的黏稠状物质。同时,利用红外光谱和1 H NMR对提纯后的表面活性剂结构进行表征。对黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液进行应用性能测试,结果表明,该体系在剪切速率170s1,温度高于80℃时,黏度仍大于25mPa.s,60℃剪切3600s后黏度仍大于85mPa.s,说明该体系具有良好的耐温抗剪切性和增稠性能。     

聚合物/羧基甜菜碱二元复合体系驱替水驱后残余油的机理

实验研究在30℃下进行。实验聚表二元复合体系为1.0 g/L HPAM、2.0 g/L羧基甜菜碱在矿化度3.7 g/L的模拟大庆油田采出水中的溶液,与模拟大庆油(黏度10 mPa.s)间的界面张力为5.8×10-3mN/m,1-1000 s-1范围的表观黏度与1.0 g/L HPAM溶液十分接近。在玻璃刻蚀大庆油藏仿真均质微观模型上,水驱20 PV的采收率为55.795%,注入20 PV二元体系使采收率增加39.724%;在二元复合体系驱替过程中,注入、采出口之间主流区域内的水驱后残余油在二元复合体系作用下发生变形,伸长并形成油丝,主要以油丝的形式被驱出;过渡区和边角区的残余油则主要以W/O乳状液的形式被驱出。W/O乳状液中的乳化水滴通过圈闭、Y型孔道挤压及水滴变形、断裂这3种方式形成并汇集为比较连续的W/O乳状液流,二元复合体系以W/O乳状液的形式由主流区扩展到两侧的过渡区,再进入边角区,启动死油区的残余油,从而扩大了波及体积,提高了驱油效率。图5参11。     

三种不同类型甜菜碱表面活性剂的发泡及增稠性能研究

分别测定了水中十二烷基甜菜碱 (DB)、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱 (CAPB)和十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(DHSB)在不同温度、硬度、pH值及其不同质量分数下的发泡性能 ,并用上述 3种甜菜碱分别与AES和 6 5 0 1复配 ,测定了它们的增稠性随温度、pH值、NaCl的质量分数及 3种甜菜碱在溶液中质量分数的变化。结果表明 :在测量范围内 ,3种甜菜碱的发泡性随温度和在溶液中质量分数的升高而升高 ,且几乎不受水中CaCO3 质量浓度的影响。DHSB的发泡性受其在溶液中质量分数和 pH值的影响较大 ,在w(甜菜碱 ) <0 .15 %和 pH =5条件下 ,DHSB的发泡性较DB和CAPB差 ;当pH =9时 ,其发泡性优于DB和CAPB。添加甜菜碱的体系易被NaCl增稠 ,3种甜菜碱的增稠性随NaCl的质量分数的增加均出现最大值 ,其峰值是未加甜菜碱的 6～ 7倍 ,且在微酸性条件下甜菜碱的增稠效果更为明显。     

甜菜碱合成工艺的研究

以三甲胺及一氯乙酸为原料合成甜菜碱。讨论了影响产品收率及含量的主要因素,在优化工艺条件下,甜菜碱的收率达到90．3％,含量达到99．1％。该工艺具有操作简单、易干燥、收率高、含量高、成本低、易推广应用等优点。     

甜菜碱中一氯乙酸盐、二氯乙酸盐和羟基乙酸盐分析技术的进展

个人保护用品市场对甜菜碱中的MCA和DCA含量要求越来越严 ,这导致MCA和DCA分析技术的相应发展 ,逐一讨论了这些分析技术 ,并详细介绍了一种新的MCA和DCA分析技术———顶空色谱法。该技术对MCA、DCA和GL的检测精度分别达到 0 5× 10 -6、 1 0× 10 -6、 3 0×10 -6。     

甜菜碱 发展前景探讨

甜菜碱作为一种高效的甲基供体,具有促进动物生长、减少脂肪沉淀、对鱼虾有诱食等作用。文中从甜菜碱的作用机理和功效出发,通过对甜菜碱与蛋氨酸、甜菜碱与氯化胆碱的比较,认为甜菜碱可部分替代胆碱和蛋氨酸,具有更广阔的发展前景。     

甜菜碱在肉鸡体内供甲基代谢及其节约蛋氨酸效应机制

选用 4 5 0羽 2 2日龄艾维茵肉鸡 ,按饲养试验要求分成 3组 (每组 3个重复 ) ,分别设为不添加蛋氨酸的对照组和添加 10 0 0mg/kg蛋氨酸的对照组 ,另一组则为添加 5 0 0mg/kg甜菜碱的试验组 ,进行了为期 2 1d的饲养试验。结果表明 :与不添加蛋氨酸组比 ,添加甜菜碱显著提高了肉鸡的日增重 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,降低了料重比(P <0 .0 5 ) ,达到了添加蛋氨酸的效果 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;添加甜菜碱导致了试验鸡肝脏甜菜碱 -高半胱氨酸S -甲基转移酶 (BHMT)活性升高 ,BHMT活性比不添加蛋氨酸组和添加蛋氨酸组均显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ;与不添加蛋氨酸组比 ,添加甜菜碱还使肝脏甲基化反应产物 (游离肉碱和肌酸 )的生成量明显增多 (P <0 .0 1)和胸肌中两者的存储量显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,但与添加蛋氨酸组比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。上述结果提示 :甜菜碱在肝脏BHMT调控下 ,替代蛋氨酸为机体甲基化产物的合成提供甲基 ,从而产生节约蛋氨酸的效应。     

The development of heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam with betaine surfactants

A modified instrument was designed to evaluate foam properties under high temperature and pressure. The type and molar ratio of betaine surfactants were screened to develop the heat-resistant and salt-tolerant foam for Tahe oilfield (130°C, 220 g/L), and the effects of temperature and pressure on foam properties were also investigated. The synergism between surfactants and the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of foam flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs were studied. Experimental results showed the developed foam had excellent foaming ability and foam stability when the lauramidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine (LHSB): erucic amide propyl betaine (EAB) molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 (initial foam volume was 392 ml when the molar ratio was 1:1, drainage half-time was 5.75 min and foam half-time was 72 min when the molar ratio was 1:2 at 130°C and 2 MPa). The synergistic effect was found to reach its maximum when the LHSB:EAB molar ratio ranged from 1:1 to 1:2 according to interaction parameters, which agreed with the results of foam properties. Foam stability was found to considerably increase with increasing pressure, but decrease with increasing temperature. However, temperature and pressure were found to have consistent effects on foaming ability, that is, the foaming ability increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The flooding test showed foam flooding exhibited better sweep efficiency and higher recovery ratio in the fractured-vuggy model than gas flooding and water flooding. This could be because injected foam did not channel through the top (or bottom) path due to its high viscosity and moderate density.