Fracture criterion for kinking cracks in a tri-material adhesively bonded joint under mixed mode loading

The fracture behavior of a composite/adhesive/steel bonded joint was investigated by using double cantilever beam specimens. A starter crack is embedded at the steel/adhesive interface by inserting Teflon tape. The composite adherend is a random carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin composite while the other adherend is cold rolled steel. The adhesive is a one-part epoxy that is heat cured. The Fernlund-Spelt mixed mode loading fixture was employed to generate five different mode mixities. Due to the dissimilar adherends, crack turning into the adhesive (or crack kinking) associated with joint failure, was observed. The bulk fracture toughness of the adhesive was measured separately by using standard compact tension specimens. The strain energy release rates for kinking cracks at the critical loads were calculated by a commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS in conjunction with the virtual crack closure technique. Two fracture criteria related to strain energy release rates were examined. These are (1) maximum energy release rate criterion (G_max) and, (2) mode I facture criterion (G_II = 0). They are shown to be equivalent in this study. That is, crack kinking takes place at the angle close to maximum G or G_I (also minimum G_II, with a value that is approximately zero). The average value of G_IC obtained from bulk adhesive tests using compact tension specimens is shown to be an accurate indicator of the mode I fracture toughness of the kinking cracks within the adhesive layer. It is concluded that the crack in tri-material adhesively bonded joint tends to initiate into the adhesive along a path that promotes failure in pure mode I, locally.     

连铸坯热送热装工艺的优化及效果

结合韶钢炼轧厂的生产实际，简要介绍了连铸小方坯热送热装工艺的技术方案、工艺优化措施及应用效果。     

The boundary finite element method for predicting directions of cracks emerging from notches at bimaterial junctions

The analysis of a bimaterial medium with various notch opening angles has been carried out using boundary finite element method (BFEM) under arbitrary loading conditions. Introduced as novel method for stress concentration problems at geometrical discontinuities, cracks, bimaterial notches etc., the BFEM has been proved as numerically highly efficient. This has become more and more important because wedge type construction creates stress concentrations which may lead to crack initiation in many practical situations where multi-layered composite material is used, e.g. within aerospace, ship or automobile structures. So, the computational prediction of potential directions for crack initiation is essential for the knowledge of weak regions. All the analysis results are based on the hypothesis of Erdogan and Sih and have been verified by the well established finite element method. Results for potential crack initiation angles of both homogeneous and bimaterial media are presented with multiple examples of different wedge angles and different loading combinations.     

A routing algorithm for a single transfer crane to load export containers onto a containership

It is discussed how to route transfer crane during loading operation of export containers in port container terminal. We determine the number of containers which transfer crane picks up at each yard-bay as well as the sequence of yard-bays which transfer crane visits during the tour. The objective is to minimize the total container handling time of the transfer crane including the set-up time at each yard-bay and the travel time between consecutive yard-bays. This routing problem is formulated as an integer programming. An efficient optimizing algorithm is also developed for the crane routing problem.     

一种基于空间特征的自适应对角加载性能的研究

基于TDD-CDMA系统前向与反向链路的互易性，以反向链路的波束成形为基础，分析了在不对称传输情况下前向链路波束成彤、功率控制及信号空间特征之间的联系。首先将前向链路波束调节权值的求解转换为标准的半定规划问题(SDP)，得出权向量与阵列误差之间的近似表达式；其次引入调节权值与加栽量之间的迭代关系，从而得出了阵列响应与自适应加载水平之问的函数表达式及前向链路最优功率分配方案；最后给出了仿真验证及分析。     

Probabilistic fatigue crack growth analysis of spot‐welded joints

This paper presents a probabilistic fatigue crack growth life prediction methodology for spot‐welded joints under variable amplitude loading history. The loading is multi‐axial and is obtained from transient response analysis of a vehicle model using finite‐element analysis. A three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model of a simplified joint with four spot welds is developed, and the static stress analysis of this joint is performed. Then the fatigue crack inside the base material sheet is modelled as a surface crack. Probabilistic crack growth model is combined with the stress analysis result to develop a probabilistic fatigue crack growth life prediction methodology for spot welds. This new method is implemented with MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/FATIGUE and is useful for the reliability assessment of spot‐welded joints against fatigue crack growth.     

基于启发式算法的集装箱配载问题的研究

集装箱配载是一个复杂的组合优化问题，属于NP完全问题，求解难度大．在考虑实际应用中的约束条件下，采用整体装填、空间分割、装载间隙合并等策略，提出了一种基于启发式算法的集装箱配载问题的解决方案．运用举例和对比分析验证了该算法的有效性，能够直接应用于物资的集装箱配载．     

集中荷载作用下R.C.双向受弯约束梁斜截面抗剪强度的计算

在13根集中荷载作用下钢筋砼双向受弯约束梁斜截面抗剪试验研究的基础上，采用等效梭形截面法，将双向受弯约束梁转化为单向受弯约束梁，并推出集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土双向受弯约束梁斜截面抗剪强度的计算方法．     

不确定输入对电力负荷预测的影响

有关天气的输入变量不确定性会造成较大的预测偏差 .新方法比使用多层感知器的网络有更准确的预测均值 ,这个新方法包括传统的训练后的神经网络和用来计算预测负荷的均值及置信区间的一组方程 .     

An improved model for the prediction of intra-cell buckling in CFRP sandwich panels under in-plane compressive loading

Local instability in the form of “intra-cell buckling” or “dimpling” is a well-known failure mode in honeycomb-cored sandwich panels with very thin faces. Most work reported on the subject suggests relatively simple design formulae for the estimation of the intra-cell buckling load. It is however widely known that these classical design formulae in some cases considerably underpredict the intra-cell buckling load. In this paper a series of experimental results obtained for different CFRP/honeycomb sandwich panel configurations loaded in compression are presented. The results confirm that the “classical” design formulae provide overly conservative results. During the tests the intra-cell buckling patterns were monitored carefully, and it was observed that the hitherto assumed buckling patterns did not correspond to the experimental observations. Based on these findings a new simplified design formula is suggested, which for the investigated CFRP/honeycomb sandwich panels provides significantly more accurate predictions than the “classical” design formulae.