不同预处理和干燥方式下养心菜粉色泽、功能成分和抗氧化性水平 的比较

为了研究养心菜的加工适用性,拓展其利用途径,采用未预处理（Untreated,UT）、沸水漂烫（Boiling Water Blanching,BWB）、沸水+护色漂烫（COLOR Protection+Water Blanching,CPB）、蒸汽漂烫（Steam Blanching,SB）与冻融（Freeze-Thawing,FT）五种预处理方式处理后,分别进行热风干燥（Hot Air Drying,HA）、热泵干燥（Heat Pump Drying,HP）,得到UT HP、UT HA、BWB HP、BWB HA、CPB HP、CPB HA、SB HP、SB HA、FT HP及FT HA 10种养心菜粉,比较不同预处理方式和干燥方式下养心菜色泽、功能成分及抗氧化能力水平的变化。结果表明：UT HP没食子酸和山萘酚含量最高,但色泽差、叶绿素含量较低,干燥时间长;CPB HP的干燥时间短,Vc含量最高,具有较高的抗氧化水平,但没食子酸含量较低;SB HP总酚、总黄酮、槲皮素含量最高,其他品质指标介于中间;FT HP养心菜具有最好的色泽、最高的叶绿素、游离氨基酸含量,但总酚、总黄酮、槲皮素、山萘酚以及抗氧化水平低。从主成分分析来看,BWB HP、CPB HP、SB HP 和BWB HA、CPB HA、SB HA的养心菜品质分别具有一定的相似性,UT HP、FT HP、UT HA、UT HA和其有明显差异。该文综合比较了养心菜不同预处理及干燥方法的优劣,在养心菜下游的功能性食品的开发过程中,可以根据需求选择合适的干燥方法。     

动物血液蛋白质及活性肽开发研究进展

动物血液作为畜禽屠宰及加工的主要副产物,富含蛋白质、微量元素、矿物质、激素、维生素、酶类等多种功能成分,营养价值较高。其中,蛋白质作为动物血液的主要营养成分,占动物全血含量的10%～20%,其氨基酸组成丰富,富含赖氨酸,是一种优质的动物蛋白资源,素有“液态肉”之称,具有广阔的开发应用前景。本文主要综述动物血液蛋白质的研究进展及开发应用现状,重点总结了近年来以动物血液蛋白为原料开发的具有特定生理功能的生物活性肽,如抗氧化肽、抗菌肽、免疫调节肽、抗癌肽、降血压肽、抗糖尿病肽等,对活性肽的结构、序列及活性功能进行系统阐述,并对动物血液蛋白实际应用中出现的问题以及未来发展趋势进行展望,旨在为动物血液蛋白的高附加值开发利用提供参考。     

Structural and thermal behavior of 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium

The present research exposes the influence of 2 mol% of Al₂O₃ and 2 mol% SrO in 45S5 Bioglass^®-based compositions. Four compositions were produced to elucidate the difference in how both oxides influence structure and thermal behavior separately and their synergy when together. Thermal properties, crystallization tendency, and sintering behavior was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and dilatometry. Changes of medium-range structures were characterized by Qⁿ distribution of Raman spectroscopy and evaluation of ³¹P, ²⁷Al, ²³Na, and ²⁹Si environment obtained by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Despite Qⁿ distribution was predominantly Q² in all samples, the composition criteria used enabled improved processing and stabilibity characteristics. The addition of Al₂O₃ and SrO promoted larger sinterability parameter (S_c) which indicates better sintering behavior, the glass stability against crystallization doubled (K_H) compared to 45S5 and the processing window enlarged from 106 to 171.     

Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis,Sources, Applications,and Proposed Mechanisms of Action

Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备生物活性有机-无机杂化材料的研究进展

已经应用于临床的骨修复材料主要是生物活性陶瓷和金属如钛及其合金制成的生物材料,它们能与生物骨结合但与人体松质骨相比弹性模量高且柔韧性较低.需要研究一种具有与天然生物骨相类似力学性能的生物活性材料.目前已通过溶胶-凝胶法分别用PDMS、明胶、MPS及PTMO与无机系统合成了生物活性的有机-无机杂化材料,材料通过在有机基体中引入Ca2+和特殊的功能化基团如Si-OH等获得生物活性.其今后主要发展方向在于有机成分的引入以达到最佳的柔韧性和力学强度以及作用机理的研究以提高生物活性.     

Laccases and Tyrosinases in Organic Synthesis

Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed ortho-hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.     

元宝枫的综合开发利用

综述了元宝枫的生长特性 ,分布 ;含有的营养成分 ,生物活性成分及其保健作用 ;生物活性成分提取方法 ;在食品、医药、化工行业上的开发和应用     

血橙营养成分研究进展

血橙富含花色苷、VC、黄烷酮、羟基苯乙烯酸等营养成分使之具有抗氧化、抗癌、降血压、增强免疫力和防止心血管疾病发生等生物活性,具有补血、美容、促进血液循环等特点,是天然的中医良药保健食品,堪称"柑中珍品"。综述了血橙主要化学成分含量的测定、分离、纯化和鉴定及生物活性等方面研究进展,为血橙有效成分的研究及进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

Phytochemical and bioactive compounds identification of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves of methanol extract and its fraction with an anti-diabetic potential

Phytochemical screening assay on crude extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. leaves and methanol fractions was performed in this study. Phytochemical qualitative assay on aqueous crude extract and aqueous fraction did not show any steroid and terpenoid. However, ethanol and butanol fractions also did not show steroid in the screening test. The result of HPLC identification of active crude extracts and active fractions showed the possible bioactive compounds in this plant extracts, which may control diabetes. These findings showed that the active crude extract (methanol) and its active fractions (ethyl acetate, and butanol) showed the presence of polyphenolic active constituents such as 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, diosmetin, luteolin, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and genistein that control the blood glucose in diabetic rats. Furthermore, isolation of the active components may pave the way for the development of new agents for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.     

贻贝酶解物对羟自由基清除作用的试验研究

通过测定贻贝酶解物对离体实验系统（Fenton体系）产生的羟自由基的清除效果，从胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶3种酶中筛选出木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶作为酶解贻贝制备具有较高清除羟自由基活性酶解物的理想水解酶；并通过正交实验L9（3^4）对2种酶的水解条件进行优化。结果表明木瓜蛋白酶在温度60℃、酶解时间15min、DH7．5、酶质量分数1．00％的水解条件下，酶解物对羟自由基的清除效果最佳；胰蛋白酶在温度45℃、酶解时间35min,pH8，5、酶质量分数0．75％的水解条件下，酶解物对羟自由基清除效果最佳。木瓜蛋白酶酶解物在最大洗脱峰时有最大羟基自由基清除率峰，清除率为76．15％，在最大峰处酶解物中活性肽的分子量为1．4kDa；胰蛋白酶酶解物在最大洗脱峰时也有最大羟基自由基清除率峰，其清除率为69．13％，该峰处活性肽的分子量也为1．4kDa。