乳脂中天然生物活性物质的存在和生化特性

在充分考虑到季节变化的影响后，总结了牛乳脂肪中各种生物活性成分的含量。研究表明，牛乳脂肪中生物活性物质总的质量分数大约为75%，但要对这些生物活性物质对人体的健康的利弊进行全面的评价是较困难的。     

电子束辐照对松花粉脂质氧化及其品质的影响

以原松花粉为试材,研究电子束辐照对其杀菌效果、脂肪酶活力、脂质氧化性能和营养品质的影响,并分析了破壁松花粉在加速氧化过程中色泽、过氧化值和挥发性成分的变化。结果表明,电子束辐照可显著降低松花粉中微生物含量,且辐照剂量越大,杀菌效果越显著;菌落总数、霉菌酵母数和大肠菌群的D10值分别为2.20、1.95和1.84 kGy;随着辐照剂量的增加,松花粉中脂肪酶活力、类胡萝卜素含量和游离脂肪酸含量显著降低,过氧化值略有升高但总体仍处于较低水平,当辐照剂量为8 kGy时,脂肪酶灭活率为53.52%,类胡萝卜素保留率为60.81%,游离脂肪酸含量为1.38 mg/kg,过氧化值为0.46 meq/kg;此外,8 kGy剂量辐照对松花粉的基本营养成分及氨基酸含量无明显影响,在加速氧化过程中,破壁松花粉的色泽无明显变化,过氧化值、己醛和己酸含量增幅不大。表明8 kGy电子束辐照对松花粉营养品质影响不大,并能有效杀灭微生物,抑制脂质氧化,提高产品储藏稳定性。     

条斑紫菜活性肽的抗氧化作用

以条斑紫菜为原料,使用木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶水解紫菜蛋白制备活性肽,采用还原能力、清除羟自由基和二苯代苦味酰基自由基作为抗氧化性评价指标,研究紫菜活性肽的体外抗氧化活性,并测定其分子质量分布。结果表明：3种蛋白酶对紫菜蛋白具有较好的酶解效果,酶解产物具有一定的还原能力;自由基清除率和底物浓度之间具有正相关关系,木瓜蛋白酶酶解活性肽清除羟自由基活性最强,半数清除率质量浓度为0.397mg/mL;胃蛋白酶酶解活性肽清除二苯代苦味酰基自由基活性最强,半数清除率质量浓度为0.261mg/mL;经测定,具有抗氧化活性的小分子肽分子质量分布在148～1963u之间。     

黄芪渣中国拟青霉固体培养及发酵产物分析

以黄芪渣培养冬虫夏草菌——中国拟青霉,研究固体发酵条件及发酵产物成分含量变化。结果表明:固体发酵的温度为20℃,培养基含水量60%,pH自然,氧气充足,无需光照条件下适宜生长,发酵时间为45 d。虫草黄芪粉粗多糖含量为10.32%,比黄芪废弃物中粗多糖含量增加47%;甘露醇含量为2.38%,比黄芪废弃物中甘露醇含量提高11.5倍;水溶蛋白含量为1.72%,比黄芪废弃物高2.80倍。     

Pep19 Has a Positive Effect on Insulin Sensitivity and Ameliorates Both Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Phenotype of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Peptide DIIADDEPLT (Pep19) has been previously suggested to improve metabolic parameters, without adverse central nervous system effects, in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Here, we aimed to further evaluate whether Pep19 oral administration has anti-obesogenic effects, in a well-established high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Male Swiss mice, fed either a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD), were orally administrated for 30 consecutive days, once a day, with saline vehicle or Pep19 (1 mg/kg). Next, several metabolic, morphological, and behavioral parameters were evaluated. Oral administration of Pep19 attenuated HFD body-weight gain, reduced in approximately 40% the absolute mass of the endocrine pancreas, and improved the relationship between circulating insulin and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Pep19 treatment of HFD-fed mice attenuated liver inflammation, hepatic fat distribution and accumulation, and lowered plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. The inguinal fat depot from the SD group treated with Pep19 showed multilocular brown-fat-like cells and increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), suggesting browning on inguinal white adipose cells. Morphological analysis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) from HFD mice showed the presence of larger white-like unilocular cells, compared to BAT from SD, Pep19-treated SD or HFD mice. Pep19 treatment produced no alterations in mice behavior. Oral administration of Pep19 ameliorates some metabolic traits altered by diet-induced obesity in a Swiss mice model.     

兰坪坳陷三叠系源岩地球化学特征

通过兰坪坳陷三叠系烃源岩可溶组分族组成、碳同位素、饱和烃馏份生物标志物、岩石热解等方面的综合对比和研究表明 ,该套源岩有机质丰度中等 ,有机质类型以II型有机质为主 ,沉积环境水体盐度较高 ,热演化处于成熟早期 ,属于中等—较好生油岩     

CONTROL OF THE DIMETHYL SULPHIDE CONTENT OF BEER BY REGULATION OF THE COPPER BOIL

In pilot brewing trials where wort boil time was varied from 15 min up to 2 hours the DMS contents of the resultant beers were greatly altered without substantial effect on many other aspects of beer quality. The worts were separately fermented by two yeast strains and a consistent difference between DMS levels of the pairs of beers was found which was almost independent of the boil time. The breakdown of the malt-derived DMS precursor in boiling wort was found to be a first order reaction having a rate constant of about 0.02 min^?1, implying a half life of about 35 min. The breakdown rate of S-methylmethionine in a boiling sucrose solution at pH 5.3 was similar. Free DMS was found to leave this wort substitute rapidly, again as a first order process, but with a rate constant of 0.18 min^?1 (t_1/2 ～ 4 min) when the evaporation rate was 17%/h.     

干腌火腿中肽的形成机理研究进展

干腌火腿加工过程中,在肌肉中内源酶和微生物的共同作用下,产生多种具有特定生物活性或对产品风味具有提升作用的肽。抗氧化肽、降血压肽和抗菌肽等生物活性肽提升火腿的营养价值;呈味肽如鲜味肽、甜味肽、苦味肽、酸味肽、咸味肽及浓厚感肽,有助于形成火腿独特的风味。该文综述了干腌火腿中肽的功能特性,重点对加工过程中肽的影响因素及形成机理进行介绍,为干腌火腿品质特性提升和新工艺设计提供理论参考依据。     

Bioactive Molecules in Soil Ecosystems: Masters of the Underground

Complex biological and ecological processes occur in the rhizosphere through ecosystem-level interactions between roots, microorganisms and soil fauna. Over the past decade, studies of the rhizosphere have revealed that when roots, microorganisms and soil fauna physically contact one another, bioactive molecular exchanges often mediate these interactions as intercellular signal, which prepare the partners for successful interactions. Despite the importance of bioactive molecules in sustainable agriculture, little is known of their numerous functions, and improving plant health and productivity by altering ecological processes remains difficult. In this review, we describe the major bioactive molecules present in below-ground ecosystems (i.e., flavonoids, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics and quorum-sensing signals), and we discuss how these molecules affect microbial communities, nutrient availability and plant defense responses.     

Invited review: Modelling quality changes of fruits and vegetables during drying: a review

Fruits and vegetables have received much attention as these materials have been reported to contain various phytochemicals, which are claimed to exert many health benefits. When extraction of bioactive compounds cannot be performed on fresh fruits and vegetables, drying needs to be conducted to keep the materials for later use. Dried fruits and vegetables have also been regarded as alternative fat‐free snacks and received more attention from the food industry during the past decade. This implies that not only nutritional changes, but also other changes including physical and microstructural changes are of importance and need to be optimised, preferably through the use of various modelling approaches. The objective of this article is to provide a brief review of some advances in modelling quality changes of fruits and vegetables during drying. These include modelling of nutritional, colour and selected physical changes. Approaches to monitoring and modelling microstructural changes are also mentioned.