甘油增韧淀粉/PLA易降解打印耗材的制备

采用甘油与PLA粉末在无水乙醇中预混合,80℃烘干后再加入淀粉进行双螺杆熔融共混,制备出淀粉含量为20%的甘油增韧淀粉/PLA复合材料。扫描电镜和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,采用该方法可使淀粉在PLA基体中均匀分布。力学性能测试显示,PLA拉伸强度、断裂延展率和弯曲强度均随淀粉含量增加而降低,但甘油含量为8%时淀粉/PLA复合材料的韧性明显提升。以甘油增韧的淀粉/PLA复合材料制成易降解FDM打印耗材,实际3D打印效果良好。     

环保型金属清洗剂的研制及其清洗效果

研制环保型水基金属清洗剂是水基清洗剂的发展方向。为此,选择了几种具有高效生物降解性的表面活性剂,并将其复配,采用表面张力测定及称重法考察了单一型及复配型体系对金属清洗的效果及效率。结果显示：清洗剂配方为m[APGC8-10（烷基糖苷）]：m[AEO-9（C12脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚）]=1：1,浓度为3g／L,以Na2CO3...     

高透明羧甲基纤维素/纤维素纤维复合薄膜的制备及其力学性能

针对传统电子器件衬底柔韧性差、不可生物降解的问题,研究了以羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和纤维素纤维为原料,结合抄纸和浸渍工艺,制备在柔性电子器件领域具有潜在应用的高透明CMC/纤维素纤维复合薄膜衬底。分别探究了CMC与北木纤维的配比和CMC分子量对薄膜透明度和力学性能的影响。研究了纤维素纤维的种类（北木、桉木、马尼拉麻和蔗渣纤维）对高透明CMC/纤维素纤维复合薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：CMC与北木纤维质量比为7∶3、CMC分子量为700 000时,所制备CMC/北木纤维复合薄膜的透明度为90%,拉伸强度约为111 MPa,耐折度达到2 526次。这种可生物降解、高柔韧性、高强度和高透明的CMC/纤维素纤维复合薄膜有望作为衬底用于构建下一代绿色、柔性电子器件,促进人类社会的可持续发展。     

HA/PDLLA复合材料的制备及其降解性能研究

首先采用开环聚合合成了PDLLA, 液相-沉淀法合成了HA超微粉, 然后采用液相吸附法制备了HA/PDLLA复合材料. 以纯PDLLA进行对照, 对HA/PDLLA复合材料进行体外降解实验和体内植入实验, 并进行扫描电镜观察. 结果表明HA/PDLLA复合材料较单纯PDLLA材料的降解速度减慢, 机械强度升高, 避免了过早的丧失力学强度. HA颗粒从材料表面脱落后, 成纤维细胞向组织内长入, 并伴有少量新生骨痂的形成, 显示HA/PDLLA复合材料具有良好的降解性能, 一定的成骨性和骨连接性. 24周时, HA/PDLLA材料被组织分隔包裹, 新生骨组织长入材料, 骨愈合情况良好, 具有足够的强度保证实验性松质骨骨折正常愈合.     

可生物降解淀粉/PCL共混物性能研究

本文研究了土豆淀粉与聚己内酯(PCL)共混型可完全生物降解材料的性能,结果表明:改性淀粉共混体系的力学性能比未改性者有显著提高。吸水性试验表明,共混体系的吸水率随PCL用量的增加而降低,偶联剂改性共混物的吸水率也有所下降。土埋生物降解试验表明,共混体系有着良好的生物降解性能。同时还考察其在活性污泥中的降解性。红外光谱测试显示,共混体系具有较好相容性和降解性能。     

绿色高吸水性树脂的研究进展

综述了可生物降解的绿色高吸水性树脂的研究发展,讨论了该类高分子树脂的结构要求。主要介绍了近年来淀粉、纤维素、海藻酸钠、甲壳类和蛋白质等天然高分子改性吸水性材料,聚氨基酸类吸水性树脂及丙烯酸合成类高吸水性树脂等的吸水性能和生物降解特性,并对绿色高吸水性树脂的研究发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyurethane based on poly(?-caprolactone) and L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate

A biocompatible diisocyanate, lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate, was prepared. Afterwards, biodegradable polyurethane (PU) was synthesized by the step-growth polymerization of this diisocyanate with hydroxyl terminated poly(?-caprolactone) in the presence of 1,4-butanediol as a chain-extender. The resulting PU was characterized by GPC, IR and DSC measurements. Its mechanical strength was found to increase with increasing the hard segment content. The PU microfiber meshes with high porosity were obtained by solution electrospinning technique. Their degradation behavior in the PBS and enzymatic solution was also investigated.     

环境友好润滑油的开发和利用

对环境友好润滑油的定义、发展和使用现状进行了概括性总结,从润滑油的基础油和添加剂两个方面对环境友好润滑油的开发进行了讨论,结果表明选择一些合适的植物油、合成酯和低黏度的聚α-烯烃油等,可开发出环境友好的润滑油,并得出环境友好的润滑油是未来润滑油品发展趋势的结论。     

Water‐soluble copolymers. I. Biodegradability and functionality of poly[(sodium acrylate)‐co‐(4‐vinylpyridine)]

As a biodegradable functional polymer, poly[(sodium acrylate)‐co‐(4‐vinylpyridine)] [P(SA‐co‐4VP)] containing a small amounts of 4‐vinylpyridine groups were prepared and their biodegradability, dispersity, and complex performance were analyzed. The polymers can be useful as detergent builders and dispersants. It was found that the biodegradation of P(SA‐co‐4VP) was more conspicuous when content of the 4‐vinylpyridine in the copolymer was larger. This indicates that the 4‐vinylpyridine, which acts as biodegradable segments, should be incorporated into the polymer main chain in such a manner that they are digested by activated sludge. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1953–1957, 1999     

Crystallization behavior of biodegradable amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L‐lactide) block copolymers

Poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L ‐lactide) diblock and triblock copolymers were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether or with poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of stannous octoate. Molecular weight, thermal properties, and crystalline structure of block copolymers were analyzed by ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The composition of the block copolymer was found to be comparable to those of the reactants. Each block of the PEG–PLLA copolymer was phase separated at room temperature, as determined by DSC and WAXD. For the asymmetric block copolymers, the crystallization of one block influenced much the crystalline structure of the other block that was chemically connected to it. Time‐resolved WAXD analyses also showed the crystallization of the PLLA block became retarded due to the presence of the PEG block. According to the biodegradability test using the activated sludge, PEG–PLLA block copolymer degraded much faster than PLLA homopolymers of the same molecular weight. © 1999 John Wiley amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 341–348, 1999