农药原药全分析

简要介绍了关于农药全分析的要求并介绍了农药全分析的过程，着重介绍了农药全分析中的三种定性分析方法，比较了它们的优缺点。     

增产胺合成路线及生物活性述评

主要介绍增产胺（DCPTA）及其几个重要的类似物的合成方法、生物活性，充分表明了增产胺及其类似物是一类可用于多种农作物的高效植物生长调节剂。     

多组学数据整合分析和应用研究综述

随着组学新测序技术的不断涌现和推广,产生了大量的组学数据,这些数据对人们深入研究和揭示生命奥秘有着极重要的意义。利用多组学数据整合技术分析生命科学问题可获得更丰富更全面的生命系统相关信息,已成为研究者探索生命机制的新方向。介绍了多组学数据整合分析的研究背景和研究意义,综述了近年来多组学数据整合分析的方法和相关领域的应用研究,探讨了多组学数据整合分析方法当前所存在的问题以及未来展望。     

氯和氯胺冲击消毒对二次供水管道生物膜的控制作用

针对建筑二次供水管壁生物膜对饮用水的生物安全性构成的潜在威胁,采用生物膜反应器(BAR)模拟二次供水管道,研究氯和氯胺冲击消毒过程对管壁生物膜的细菌总数、大肠杆菌和异养菌(HPC)灭活效果以及对生物膜结构的影响.结果表明,在第80天时生物膜中生物量达到最大,生物膜宏基因组分析表明,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌种.冲击消毒对生物膜的灭活效能与氯和氯胺的质量浓度以及CT值有关,在相同CT值条件下,高质量浓度氯和氯胺的灭活效果更佳.氯和氯胺的生物膜灭活效果对比可以看出,在低投量条件下,氯的细菌总数和大肠杆菌灭活效果好于氯胺,但氯的HPC灭活效果弱于氯胺;在高投量条件下,消毒剂质量浓度和CT值与生物膜的灭活效果无明显相关性,可以达到快速消毒的效果.在氯和氯胺的投加质量浓度为3.0 mg/L、CT值300~400 mg·min/L的最佳冲击消毒条件下,生物膜中细菌总数、大肠杆菌和HPC的灭活率均达到95%以上.从生物膜的表面特性分析可以看出,冲击消毒后生物膜结构破坏明显,生物膜变薄或脱落;氯冲击消毒对生物膜的破坏和削减程度优于氯胺,更有利于管道生物膜的控制.     

Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.     

生物慢滤系统对再生水中氮磷降解的试验研究

利用生物慢滤系统中菌-藻共生的特点,对用于景观补水的再生水中氮磷进行有效的去除,可有效预防由于再生水中氮磷营养盐浓度较高而引发的景观水体富营养化问题。通过生物慢滤系统净化再生水的试验研究表明,生物慢滤系统在保持上覆水深为80cm、滤层厚度为80cm、滤速为0.1m/h的条件下,对水体中总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数平均去除率分别为57.55%、50.16%、46.37%、66.32%和47.04%,叶绿素a的去除率可达95.75%;经生物慢滤系统处理后的再生水在景观储存过程中藻类的生长缓慢,叶绿素a含量始终维持在较低水平,氮磷含量较低且趋于稳定。经生物慢滤池处理的再生水用于景观水体的补充水源,可减少富营养化的发生频率。     

废水的反歧化生物脱氮技术研究进展

自荷兰学者Strous等在反硝化过程中发现了生物反歧化脱氮(厌氧氨氧化)现象之后,该技术在近十余年中已经成为废水脱氮领域的研究热点问题之一.并由于低廉的运行成本和快速的脱氮效率,而使其在高氨氮废水脱氮领域中具有广阔的应用前景.本文总结了生物反歧化脱氮技术的研究与应用发展过程,并对该技术的实际工程运用前景进行了展望.     

东北地区植物花色类别与传粉者之间的相关性

花色一直被认为是吸引传粉者的诱物之一,是开花植物与传粉者长期相互选择的结果。作者统计了东北地区虫媒植物共计1 142种,同时利用出版物和网络资料提供的照片并比对标准色谱,确定这些虫媒植物花的颜色和色谱范围。发现在东北地区,单色系花中白色花所占比例最大,超过35%,黄色系和红色系次之,各占20%多一点,橙色花最少,仅占2%,其余为混合色系花,即一朵花或一个花序上的花有两种以上颜色。针对色谱分类结果以及东北地区常见的传粉昆虫的相关资料,讨论了花的颜色与传粉者之间的相关性。     

响应曲面法优化河蚬发酵去腥工艺

采用生物发酵法对河蚬进行去腥处理,通过单因素试验研究酵母用量、发酵温度和发酵时间对去腥效果的影响,再运用响应曲面试验设计进行优化试验,确定最佳发酵去腥工艺条件。其最佳工艺条件为：以lOOg河蚬计,酵母2g、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间2h。     

The Impact of Fluid Dynamic Stress in Stirred Bioreactors – The Scale of the Biological Entity: A Personal View

From the start of industrial biotechnology, there has been a perception that biological entities are damaged by stirring, so-called ‘shear damage'. Often, it was the soft option to explain a loss of performance when it was due to other factors, such as bubble ingestion with proteins or on scale-up, where tip speed increased when it was due to decreased homogeneity, especially in pH. For many years, poor control and the range of analytical tools available made a more in-depth explanation difficult; and the concepts of ‘high' and ‘low shear' impellers, now largely disproven, increased it. Here, the size of the biological entity is compared to the Kolmogorov microscale of turbulence leading to a reasonably clear picture emerging. The article starts with the author's introduction to the issue approximately 42 year ago with enzymes, conveniently also the smallest entity; and finishes with the largest, filamentous fungi.