重在创造力培养的生物技术专业英语教学实践

针对生物技术专业英语教学的现状和特点,综合运用当代教育心理学的学习理论和创造思维理论,通过教学实践,对本科和研究生生物技术专业英语的教学方法进行了多方面探讨,提出了强调问题解决学习方式的整合教学策略。     

Synthetic Biology: A New Tool for the Trade

Protein–protein interactions are fundamental to many biological processes. Yet, the weak and transient noncovalent bonds that characterize most protein–protein interactions found in nature impose limits on many bioengineering experiments. Here, a new class of genetically encodable peptide–protein pairs—isopeptag‐N/pilin‐N, isopeptag/pilin‐C, and SpyTag/SpyCatcher—that interact through autocatalytic intermolecular isopeptide bond formation is described. Reactions between peptide–protein pairs are specific, robust, orthogonal, and able to proceed under most biologically relevant conditions both in vitro and in vivo. As fusion constructs, they provide a handle on molecules of interest, both organic and inorganic, that can be grasped with an iron grip. Such stable interactions provide robust post‐translational control over biological processes and open new opportunities in synthetic biology for engineering programmable and self‐assembling protein nanoarchitectures.     

认识“环境敏感型”生物大分子

生物技术在现代生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文着重分析了＂环境敏感型＂大分子及大分子体系在特定环境条件下发生的一些特定的物理和化学性质的变化机理以及利用控制大分子构象得到对特定外界因素敏感的大分子或大分子体系。目的是认识＂环境敏感型＂大分子或大分子体系在生物技术产品的分离纯化上的具体应用。     

综合设计性实验模式在食品生物技术课程中的应用实践

设计和实施综合性实验是提高学生综合、创新、创造能力的重要途径,也是新时期实践教学发展的必由之路。文章以"果酒的发酵"为例,探讨了综合设计性实验教学模式在食品生物技术课程中的应用实践,以期为相关专业课的实践教学提供参考。     

Value‐added products from underutilized fish species

Fish is a rich source of easily digestible protein that also provides polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals for human nutrition. Nonetheless, a large proportion of total landed fish remains unused due to inherent problems related to unattractive color, flavor, texture, small size, and high fat content. Most of these underutilized fish belong to the abundantly available pelagic species, which are landed as bycatch, and some are unconventional species such as krill. Although some species are used industrially for fish meal manufacture, a need for their conservation and utilization for human consumption has been recognized in order to prevent post‐harvest fishery losses. Recovery of flesh by mechanical deboning and development of value‐added products are probably the most promising approaches. This article discusses various possibilities for product development using mince from low‐cost fishery resources. These include surimi and surimi‐based products, sausages, fermented products, protein concentrates and hydrolysates, extruded products, and biotechnological possibilities. The dual advantages of this approach, namely, finding ways for better utilization of low‐value fish species and providing protein‐rich convenience foods, have been pointed out. However, the key to the success of this approach depends largely on the market strategies utilized.     

生化黄腐酸定量分析方法研究

通过硫酸铝絮凝生化黄腐酸，并以在絮凝物中扣除灰分的方法来确定黄腐酸含量，我们将其定义为“絮凝重量法”。该方法既排除了生化黄腐酸中非黄腐酸有机物的干扰，又避免了碳系数取值的不同而引起的系统误差。     

Capacity Building in Agricultural Biotechnology in Turkey

Turkey, situated at the junction of two continents, benefits both from its rich Asian legacy and its proximity to neighboring European countries. Although the level of socioeconomic development places the country clearly in the group of developing countries, Turkey has been a candidate country for admission to the European Union (EU) since 1999. As a result, the conditions for capacity building in agricultural biotechnology include elements from both the industrialized and developing countries. Because of its favorable climate and time-tested farming traditions dating back to ancient Mesopotamia, the country possesses one of the richest floras in the world. This review attempts to illuminate the role and importance of local actors in introducing modern biotechnology to the Turkish agricultural system. Agricultural biotechnology, specifically plant biotechnology, has a high priority in the Turkish government's program. Public-funded research and education in this field is given due priority, but research by the private sector is relatively poorly funded. The ongoing field trials with genetically modified seeds are conducted mostly by multinational companies whose aim it is to commercialize the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as soon as legislation concerning biotechnology is implemented. The attitude of the big farm owners to genetically modified crops is positive because they expect economic advantages from these crops. On the other hand, public awareness about genetically modified food is quite low, and neither the consumer organizations nor the media represent a particular power in this area. Thus, the power centers in agricultural biotechnology are the government and the multinational biotech companies. The local industry, the consumers, and the media have relatively less input. Moreover, communication between groups is fairly poor, and this contributes to a growing gap between the strong and the weak actors. Turkey has already decided to implement the EU regulation in contained use and the deliberate release of GMOs, which has been shaped in the European sociopolitical environment where the consumers and their organizations represent a powerful force, and where the power constellation between the actors is quite different. Nevertheless, it can be argued, that this route might still be the right choice for Turkey during the phase of introducing this high-tech method of production to its agriculture.     

The Scent of Change: Sustainable Fragrances Through Industrial Biotechnology

Current environmental and safety considerations urge innovation to address the need for sustainable high-value chemicals that are embraced by consumers. This review discusses the concept of sustainable fragrances, as high-value, everyday and everywhere chemicals. Current and emerging technologies represent an opportunity to produce fragrances in an environmentally and socially responsible way. Biotechnology, including fermentation, biocatalysis, and genetic engineering, has the potential to reduce the environmental footprint of fragrance production while maintaining quality and consistency. Computational and in silico methods, including machine learning (ML), are also likely to augment the capabilities of sustainable fragrance production. Continued innovation and collaboration will be crucial to the future of sustainable fragrances, with a focus on developing novel sustainable ingredients, as well as ethical sourcing practices.     

Gas pressure intensifying oxygen transfer to significantly improving the bio-oxidation productivity of whole-cell catalysis

Oxygen, as a terminal electron acceptor, is an essential substrate in the aerobic bio-oxidation process, affecting bacterial vitality and bio-oxidation performance. In this study, a newfangled platform biotechnology of sealed-oxygen supply bioreactor (SOS-BR) was developed by improving gas pressure to significantly intensify oxygen transfer rate to resolve the formidable barriers of aerobic catalysis. In virtue of SOS-BR, the bio-productivity was greatly improved for three representative substrates (xylose, furfural, and glycerol) bio-oxidation with the whole-cell catalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans. The determination of oxygen transfer coefficient (K_Lα) established an upgraded theoretical dynamic model for gas pressure intensification biosystem. Additionally, viscosity measurement and combined pressure control strategy explained the inflection point phenomenon of productivity and confirmed the intensify mechanism. The smart strategy of significantly intensifying oxygen transfer provided insightful ideas for overcoming the stubborn obstacle of obligate aerobic catalysis, and further promoted the development and industrial practicability of bio-oxidation.     

膜分离技术在制药工业中的应用

膜分离技术在制药工业中的应用包括生物发酵制药、中药生产和现代生物技术等．膜分离技术在抗生素、半合成抗生素、维生素和氨基酸生产中尤其常见．随着膜材料、膜组件和膜设备的不断改进，膜分离技术在制药工业中将扮演越来越重要角色．