电镀锡和可焊性锡合金发展概况

锡及其合金由于优良的耐蚀性和可焊性而广泛应用于电子工业中。总结了电镀锡、锡铅合金和锡铋合金的分类、特点及应用情况。     

Texture prediction of Bi2Te3 electroplated layers using Hartman's theory of crystal growth

An experimental study of electroplated thin films of bismuth telluride, R3m crystal structure, shows that fibre textures are observed during the growth of the layers. Several orientations 00.1, 10.10, 11.0, 10.4, 10.8, 01.5 and 10.0 are developed during the deposition process, then reach a final orientation. Hartman's theory of crystal growth based on the periodic bond chain (PBC) in a crystal lattice is usually applied. This explains the equilibrium shape of a crystal defined by F faces and the faces observed during the growth (S and K faces). It also successfully predicts the orientations observed in bismuth telluride from the beginning to the end of the layer deposition. The theory may also be applied to other deposition processes.     

柠檬酸改性Bi2O3光催化材料性能的研究

以Bi（NO3）3溶液为原料,浓氨水为矿化剂,在柠檬酸掺杂量为1％-3％（质量分数）的条件下制备了纳米Bi2O3粉体。以样品对水中罗丹明B的光催化降解性能为评价指标,对样品的光催化性能进行了评价。研究结果表明：采用水热合成法制备的柠檬酸改性纳米Bi2O3粉体光催化降解水中罗丹明B的反应为表观零级反应。当柠檬酸的掺杂量为1．5％时,样品的光催化性能最优,继续增加掺杂量,样品光催化性能有所下降。紫外光条件下样品的光催化性能优于日光条件下。     

Methanol tolerant oxygen-reduction activity of carbon supported platinum–bismuth bimetallic nanoparticles

The oxygen reduction activity and methanol tolerance of Pt–Bi/C electrocatalysts were studied using electrochemical voltammetric techniques including rotating ring-disk electrode. The Pt–Bi/C catalyst was prepared via a polyol method and subjected to heat treatment to increase the degree of alloying. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the unalloyed character of the as-prepared catalyst and alloy formation upon heat treatment. The electrochemical behaviour of both catalysts showed different behaviour in dilute acid electrolytes, namely sulphuric and perchloric acids. In both electrolytes, the oxygen reduction reaction was found to occur via the four-electron process revealing that the mechanism of oxygen reduction is unaltered even in the presence of excess of methanol. Pt–Bi/C catalyst material showed dramatically different properties and reactivity with respect to oxygen reduction activity and methanol tolerance in perchloric and sulphuric acids. The onset potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) significantly shifted by about 100 mV to more negative values and at the same time the current density was significantly enhanced. This type of non-ideal methanol-tolerant behaviour among Pt bimetallics and a “trade off” is common with all the known so-called methanol tolerant combinations of Pt. In general, the Pt–Bi surface appeared to have a negligibly lesser sensitivity towards methanol activity compared to pure platinum.     

铁酸铋功能陶瓷薄膜的液相自组装制备

利用自组装单层膜技术,以三氯十八烷基硅烷(octadecyl trichlorosilane,OTS)为模板,以硝酸铋和硝酸铁为原料,在玻璃基片上成功制备了铁酸铋(BiFeO3)晶态薄膜。采用接触角仪测量了紫外光照射后OTS单层膜的亲水性。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱仪等表征了BiFeO3薄膜的物相、表面形貌及微观结构。结果表明:紫外光照射使OTS单层膜由原来的强疏水性转变为良好的亲水性,说明OTS自组装膜层表面已被羟基化。在70℃沉积8h并经600℃退火2h制备的BiFeO3薄膜结晶良好,薄膜样品的表面平整,厚度较为均匀,薄膜厚度约为100nm。     

坩埚下降法生长硅酸铋闪烁晶体(英文)

采用改进型坩埚下降法,从富Bj的高温熔体中生长了硅酸铋(Bi4Si3O12,BSO)晶体,研究了BSO晶体的析晶行为.透明晶体最大尺寸达到30mm×30mm×35mm,晶体具有良好的光学均匀性,在350～900nm波段透过率保持在约80%.相对锗酸鉍(Bi4Ge3012,BGO)晶体,BSO闪烁晶体具有快的衰减时间,有望用于能量范围在几百MeV的4 π电磁量能器.     

可控热膨胀聚合物复合材料的挑战和机遇(英文)

负热膨胀(negative thermal expansion,NTE)材料可作为填料制备可控热膨胀复合材料.高质量聚合物复合材料的研发面临诸多挑战,包括NTE 填料与基体材料的相容性,NTE相的稳定性,颗料形貌和尺寸的控制及其对混合稗度的影响.本文对影响聚合物复合材料成型中存在的诸多可能存 在的问题进行了述评,讨论了对有望用作填料的NTE材料的要求,即对NTE填料颗粒尺寸和相容性进行合成控制.通过晶体前驱体到目标NTE相 的拓扑转变,可实现对颗粒尺寸的最优控制.     

La3+掺杂钛酸铋钠基无铅陶瓷的压电性能与介电弛豫行为

采用冷等静压成型和密闭烧结工艺,制备了具有微晶结构的稀土离子La3+掺杂0.9TNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.03K0.5Na0.5NbO3基无铅压电陶瓷体系.研究了该体系陶瓷的相结构,显微结构与介电、压电性能.结果表明:在掺杂范围内(0.015≤x≤0.105),La3+可完全固溶进陶瓷晶格形成单一的钙钛矿相.采用等静压成型工艺可明显改善陶瓷的显微结构,使晶粒细化,进而提高材料的压电性能.该陶瓷具有弥散相变和频率色散特征,为典型的弛豫型铁电体.随着La3+掺杂量的增加,材料的铁电-反铁电相变温度下降,Curie温度提高,相对介电常数、介电损耗和压电常数逐渐减小,弛豫特征愈明显.     

Fe_2O_3/FeVO_4新型光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用液相沉淀法制备新型FecO2/FeVO4光催化剂,研究不同Fe掺杂量和煅烧温度对Fe2O3/FeVO4光催化活性的影响.以甲基橙水溶液为光催化降解对象,考察掺杂后的样品在紫外和可见光作用下的光催化活性.结果表明:当Fe/V摩尔比为1.01:1,750℃煅烧4h制得的样品光催化活性最好,较纯FeVO4提高19%左右.实验确定了样品光催化甲基橙溶液的最佳投加量为4 g/L,100 min内对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到82%.同时样品具有很好的重复利用性,循环使用5次后,样品的光催化效率仍能保持在80%左右.     

熔盐法合成片状BaBi_4Ti_4O_(15)粉体

以NaCl-KCl作为熔剂,采用熔盐法首次合成了(0010)晶面择优取向的片状BaBi_4Ti_4O_(15)粉体.研究了预烧温度及熔盐含量等因素对粉体显微形貌的影响,分析了这些因素对BaBi_4Ti_4O_(15)粉体沿(0010)面取向生长的影响.结果表明:随着预烧温度的升高及时间的延长,颗粒粒径尺寸不断增加,(0010)衍射峰强度先增强后减弱.当熔盐与原料的质量比R≠1时,随熔盐含量增加颗粒粒径尺寸先增大后减小;当R=1时,1 050℃预烧4h后得到的片状粉体呈(0010)面取向,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约5.9μm,厚0.5μm.