The performance of innovative daylighting systems

Innovative daylighting systems have four key aims; to increase daylight levels deep within rooms, to improve daylight uniformity, to control direct sunlight and to reduce glare. Results from experimental studies at the Building Research Establishment (BRE) indicated that the systems tested (prismatic glazing, prismatic film, mirrored louvres and light shelves) usually reduced illuminances at the rear of rooms compared with unshaded windows. It is concluded that, in the UK at least, innovative daylighting systems should be designed primarily as shading devices, controlling glare while admitting more daylight than conventional blinds.     

酞菁铜衍生物LB膜／N－Si光伏电池的反常二极管整流效应

从表面态和材料电阻率的角度分析了酞菁铜衍生物ＬＢ膜光伏电池的反常整流效应，讨论了该效应与光生电流的关系，并介绍了消除反常现象提高光生电流的实验方法。     

阳光控制膜玻璃的质量控制与产品标准的研究

通过对大量市售阳光控制膜玻璃产品的试验研究与国内外产品标准的比较，对其光学性能、色差、耐磨损性及化学稳定性等几项质量指标进行了详细讨论，采用加速老化试验研究比较了阳光控制膜玻璃的使用寿命，根据这些结果提出了质量控制和产品标准的一些建议。     

Sol-gel processed silica/titania/ÿ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane composite materials for photonic applications

Silica/titania/?-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane composite materials processed by the sol-gel technique were studied for photonic applications. Waveguide thin films with thickness more than 1.7 μm were prepared by the sol-gel spin coating technique and low temperature heat treatment from this high titanium content composite materials. The films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was observed that the film becomes thinner as the titanium contents increase. A change of the refractive index through the range 1.52–1.61 at the optical wavelength of 633 nm was achieved by varying the molar ratio between silica and titanium. A dense, low absorption, and high transparency in the visible range waveguide films could be obtained at a low temperature. It was also noted that organic compounds in the film would decompose in the temperature range from 200°C to 480°C. Accordingly, purely inorganic silica-titania films with a thickness of about 0.7 μm could also be obtained by a single-coating process, when the film was baked at a temperature of 500°C or higher. The waveguides properties and photonic applications of the composite material solgel films were also investigated.     

一种共价键结构的高稳定性自组装光控取向膜

通过两次光照法制备了一种基于共价键结构的自组装光控取向膜。首先采用重氮树脂与聚(4-丙烯酰氧基肉桂酸(4′-磺酸钠)苯酚酯)在水溶液状态下通过静电离子沉积法制备了layer-by-layer型的自组装多层膜,制备过程的紫外-可见光谱表明薄膜为逐层、均匀沉积。第一次光照将膜层间的重氮磺酸盐离子键转化为共价键结构,然后采用线性偏振紫外光进行第二次光照,获得具有各向异性的光控取向膜。紫外-可见光谱法证实了薄膜辐照过程中的光化学反应方式。这种液晶光控取向膜可以水平均匀取向向列相液晶,而且具有良好的热稳定性,可达到150℃。     

磁控溅射生长Cu/Si薄膜

用溅射方法在Si(111)上生长Cu/Si,Ti/Si,Cu/Ti/Si薄膜。用XRD,红外吸收光谱,台阶仪对薄膜进行分析和测量。结果表明:在150℃溅射生长出的Cu/Ti/Si薄膜的缓冲层为硅化物TiSi2(311);Cu薄膜的主要成分是晶粒大小为17nm的Cu(111);Cu/Ti/Si(111)平均厚度为462nm,粗糙度为薄膜厚度的3%。在以TiSi2薄膜为缓冲层的Si(111)衬底上生长出的Cu薄膜抗氧化性较强、薄膜均匀性和致密性较好。     

用异淀粉酶改进淀粉膜的研究

异淀粉酸可使淀粉中的支淀粉脱支而形成链淀粉,从而提高淀粉膜的成膜性能及强度。本文用正交试验法研究并淀粉酶对马铃薯淀粉脱支的作用条件,并描绘了异淀粉酶的作用时间与膜的抗张强度,伸长百分率、耐折度、透湿性、链淀粉含量的关系曲线,为制取性能好的食用淀粉膜提供依据。     

利用含锡铅渣可能性的尝试

研究了Pb－Ca－Sn－Al合金渣作为正极添加剂的可能性,初步发现,含锡铅渣可以提高电池的初期容量10％以上。     

Effects of arc current and electrode size on electrode erosion in ac plasma torches

Heavy erosion of the electrode is a problem in using ac plasma torches. In a series of our studies, the effects of electrode stem size (diameter and length) and tip shape on the electrode erosion were clarified at a low current of 200 A. In this paper, on the basis of the 200-A data, in order to reduce the electrode erosion with the current increased, the effects of current and electrode size on electrode erosion were clarified experimentally and analytically between 100 and 550 A. The electrode used was of solid type and the material was tungsten containing 2 wt% of lanthanum oxide. The plasma gas was argon. Main results are as follows. (1) As the current increased, the electrode erosion increased linearly. In the case of thin electrodes (8 mm ø), between 450 and 550 A, the electrode tip was molten partially and the electrode erosion increased rapidly over 5 mg/h. However, for thick electrodes (13 mm ø), the electrode erosion did not increase rapidly. (2) The temperature distribution along the electrode axis was calculated. As a result, a good correlation was obtained between the calculated temperature of electrode tip and the measured electrode erosion. As the tip temperature decreased to 3000 K (cf. tungsten melting point: 3660 K), the electrode erosion decreased below 5 mg/h of the linearly increasing range.     

溅射制备ZnS:Er~(3+)薄膜的光电子发射结构

利用射频磁控溅射法制备掺铒硫化锌直流电致发光薄膜，用ＸＰＳ（ｘ射线光电子能谱）技术进行剖析，获得薄膜内部构态与发光性能关系的信息，讨论了微晶薄膜中稀土掺杂状态对激发机制的影响。