黄磷炉渣废热低位热能利用研究与实践

节能降耗是黄磷生产企业生存和发展的基础。分析黄磷炉渣废热回收利用的必要性以及回收存在的难点。通过渣池热量平衡分析,提出采用低位热能回收技术对黄磷炉渣废热回收的工艺。以广西某企业10 kt/a黄磷炉为例,给出热能回收方案,并计算出设备选型。通过实践,该项目节约标准煤2987.9 t/a,验证了该方案的节能减排效果。     

Immobilization of chromite ore processing residue with alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer

Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is an industrial waste produced in the chromic salts production process and contains a small portion of leached Cr(VI), which is highly toxic and is listed as a hazardous waste. The immobilization of COPR using a blast furnace slag-based geopolymer has been investigated in this study. The optimum parameters for preparing the blast furnace slag-based geopolymer using an orthogonal experiment were obtained. COPR was used to replace the amount of blast furnace slag for the preparation of the geopolymer. The COPR-bearing blast furnace slag-based geopolymer has potential application as a construction material and for geological disposal. The combined effect of physical fixation, adsorption and ion exchange in the geopolymeric and CSH (calcium silicate hydrate) gel is considered to be the main mechanism, and the reduction of S²⁻ in the blast furnace slag played a significant role in the solidification of the COPR.     

掺粉煤灰对不同水泥品种钢渣混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

通过粉煤灰替代部分普通硅酸盐水泥和高抗硫水泥的试验,结果得出两种水泥配制钢渣混凝土抗压、抗折强度均随着粉煤灰掺量的增加呈递减趋势;但是当粉煤灰掺量一定时,两种水泥品种配制钢渣混凝土都表现出抗折、抗压强度随着龄期的增长而提高。在粉煤灰掺量相同情况下,两种水泥品种钢渣混凝土相同龄期的抗压强度均表现普通硅酸盐水泥钢渣混凝土高于高抗硫水泥钢渣混凝土;其抗折强度则大多表现出高抗硫水泥钢渣混凝土比普通硅酸盐水泥钢渣混凝土的高。     

球磨双闭路工艺生产超细钢渣微粉的实践

2014年JTC公司投产建成一条处理80万t/a钢渣微粉生产线,原料为当地炼钢厂外排的一种转炉钢渣。为节省投资,经多方论证,该公司利用原有的两台球磨机组成了分段粉磨、过程分选和精粉回路除铁的双闭路粉磨工艺。该项目已取得成功实践,为钢渣的资源化利用找到了一条切实可行的方法。     

钢渣配料生产水泥熟料的生产实验

选用两种钢渣配料生产水泥熟料,在生产试验中优选出两种钢渣的最佳配料方案,分析了钢渣对熟料煅烧过程、物理性能和能耗的影响。结果表明,钢渣中铁含量20%时,钢渣可作为铁质校正原料,三率值最佳取值,KH为0.91~0.93,SM为2.5~2.7,IM为1.5~1.6;钢渣配料,熟料煅烧生产状况良好,能明显提高熟料的产量,提高熟料的强度,降低熟料烧成煤耗,且碱度大的钢渣,熟料C_3S含量较高,煤耗降低也较多。     

基于带可变遗忘因子的GA和RLS的气体保护钎焊炉温度优化

在钎焊生产中,钎焊炉第三阶段加热温度具有大时滞和强时变特点,钎焊温度控制困难.为了优化钎焊温度,必须建立钎焊温度模型并对其进行优化.基于带可变遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法(RLS)研究了一阶时滞温度模型的在线参数辨识,得到了该模型的参数和延迟时间.基于遗传算法(GA),研究了温度目标函数的PID参数优化.结果表明:应用优化的目标函数可使得超调量、静态误差和上升时间等得到很好的控制.     

基于顶盖举起试验的炸药内爆炸性能评估

为了评估炸药在密闭/半密闭结构内的爆炸性能,通过自建的顶盖举起试验装置对5种典型炸药装药进行了内爆炸试验,利用冲击波超压和顶盖的举起位移评估了其内爆炸威力。结果表明,冲击波超压高的炸药,内爆炸性能不一定好,炸药的空中爆炸性能与内爆炸性能具有显著的差异;顶盖举起最大位移与炸药的非同步自氧化燃烧热具有线性关系,关系式为xmax=17.717ΔHas-5.322,相关系数R2=0.991 7;内爆类炸药应具有高燃烧热、高非同步自氧化燃烧热和适中的爆速。     

非稳态浇注对帘线钢洁净度的影响

为全面掌握某钢厂帘线钢在非稳态浇注工况下的洁净度水平,为生产制定合理的头尾坯长度以及进行产品分级管理提供依据,对非稳态浇注和稳态浇注工况下的连铸坯分别取样,对比分析其洁净度差异,并通过水力学试验模拟分析了中间包充包过程中的渣-钢界面行为,进而解释了造成铸坯洁净度差异的原因。研究结果表明,非稳态浇注工况下帘线钢铸坯的洁净度明显低于稳态工况,其中T.O质量分数是稳态浇注工况的1.76倍,N质量分数是稳态浇注工况的1.23倍;两种工况下的显微夹杂物分别为52.89个/mm²和26.1个/mm²,大型夹杂物分别是11.49 mg/10 kg钢、4.36 mg/10 kg钢。充包时钢液裸露、二次氧化和卷渣是造成非稳态浇注时铸坯洁净度差的主要原因。     

Collapse safety margin-oriented seismic retrofit strategy for corroded reinforced concrete frames using fibre reinforced plastics

Considering residual service life, this paper presents a collapse safety margin-oriented seismic retrofit strategy for corroded reinforced concrete (RC) frames using fibre reinforced plastics (FRP). With the assumed uniform corrosion model, corrosion-induced initial damage combined with subsequent earthquake-induced damage is identified by the multi-mode-based global damage model developed previously. The collapse-level earthquake intensity determined by incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) with the damage model and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE)-level intensity considering residual service life are combined to generate the time-variant collapse safety margin assessment of corroded RC structures. Based on this assessment, the collapse safety margin-oriented FRP seismic retrofit strategy is proposed and demonstrated on a 4-storey frame. The damage model originally developed for earthquake scenarios has also exhibited its rationality for characterising corrosion-induced initial damage and its influence on coupled damage development with subsequent earthquake excitation. Seismic retrofitting with FRP composites should consider the effects of the corrosion development stage, target collapse safety margin and residual service life. FRP retrofits can cause decreases in the MCE-level collapse probability and increases in the collapse resistance of corroded RC structures. Retrofitting carried out at different times achieves different efficiencies and different time-variant collapse safety margins within the residual service life.     

B2O3-Na2O系调渣剂对钒钛铁水脱硫渣性能的影响

 为解决含钒钛铁水脱硫扒渣过程中炉渣黏稠、铁损大及后续回硫多等问题,运用FactSage热力学软件,结合高温试验,探究了B₂O₃+Na₂O系调渣剂对钒钛铁水脱硫渣回硫、熔点及黏度的影响。结果表明,随着B₂O₃和Na₂O加入,铁水脱硫渣熔点及黏度显著降低;调渣剂中添加CaO有助于抑制回硫。并提出了改善铁水脱硫渣性能的调渣剂配方(质量分数),即CaO 45%～55%、SiO₂ 10%～15%、Al₂O₃ 5%～8%、B₂O₃ 15%～20%、Na₂O 5%～10%。调渣剂添加量为脱硫渣渣量的5%～10%时,能有效降低脱硫渣熔点和黏度,减少回硫。