冀中坳陷深县凹陷深南背斜构造带精细油藏再评价与实践

深南背斜为冀中坳陷深县凹陷主要含油构造,油藏具有“小、碎、贫、散”的特点。在分析勘探开发制约因素的基础上,提出了“重新认识、精细评价和整体部署”的精细油藏再评价思路。通过开展高分辨率地震资料连片处理、井震结合油组划分对比、多手段精细构造解释、精细砂体展布分析、精细老井复查等研究,发现有利钻探目标。重新认识深南背斜油藏特征,认为该区储集砂体发育适中,具有满构造含油特点,尤其在背斜翼部,可以形成牙刷状油藏模式,该模式具有含油层系多、累计厚度大、产量高的特征。断层侧向封堵是油藏主控因素,主要取决于岩性配置和演化过程,继承性断层的演化过程有利于产生泥岩涂抹,因此侧向封堵性好。根据该区油藏特点,实施多靶点斜井钻探是提高勘探成效的有效方式,通过实施取得良好钻探成效。     

氢/空气火焰在半开口有障碍管道中的传播特性

针对氢／空气混合物，通过实验研究了其预混火焰在半开口管道中的火焰传播加速现象。结果表明，火焰传播状态随着氢气当量比的变化而发生改变。当氢／空气混合物被点燃后，由于障碍物的扰动，火焰在管道中不断加速传播，并最终到达一准稳态传播。在氢气当量比0．34附近时，火焰速度发生跃变。当氢气当量比足够大时，火焰传播由爆燃态转变为爆轰态。在本实验条件下，爆燃转准爆轰的临界条件是d/λ=2.6(d是圆环形障碍物内径，λ是爆轰格胞尺度）。障碍物阻塞比的变化对最大火焰速度和压力提升的影响不明显。     

锰烟尘储仓堵塞问题的解决

分析了烟尘储仓频繁堵塞的原因。在储仓圆锥体安装了多个空气炮喷嘴,利用压缩空气的膨胀力很好地解决了堵塞问题。     

Experimental measurements of the hydrodynamic performance and structural loading of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine: Part 1

This paper is the first of three, which outline the procedures and results for a set of experiments carried out on various configurations of the Transverse Horizontal Axis Water Turbine (THAWT), which is a horizontally orientated variant of the Darrieus cross-flow turbine. Tests were conducted in the combined wind, wave and current tank at Newcastle University on a 0.5 m diameter rotor, while the flow depth and velocity were varied over a range of realistic Froude numbers for tidal streams. Various configurations of the device were tested to assess the merits of varied blade pitch, rotor solidity, blockage ratio and truss oriented blades. Experiments were carried out using a speed controlled motor/generator, allowing quasi-steady results to be taken over a range of tip speed ratios. Measurements of power, thrust, blade loading and free surface deformation provide extensive data for future validation of numerical codes and demonstrate the ability of the device to exceed the Lanchester-Betz limit for kinetic efficiency by using high blockage. This paper covers the experimental procedures and results for the hydrodynamic performance for the parallel bladed variant of the THAWT device. The second paper covers the hydrodynamic loading of the parallel bladed rotor and the third covers both hydrodynamic performance and loading of the truss configured THAWT device.     

热水采暖系统的故障分析与处理

以设计和安装角度分析了造成室内热水采暖系统故障的原因,指出其影响因素是多方面的,在排除故障时应对其逐一分析,并提出一些可行性建议。     

Pore blockage effect of NOM on atrazine adsorption kinetics of PAC: the roles of PAC pore size distribution and NOM molecular weight

Natural organic matter (NOM) in natural water has been found to have negative effects on the adsorption of various trace organic compounds by activated carbon through two major mechanisms: direct competition for sites and pore blockage. In this study, the pore blockage effect of NOM on atrazine adsorption kinetics was investigated. Two types of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and three natural waters were tested to determine the roles of PAC pore size distribution and NOM molecular weight distribution in the pore blockage mechanism. When PAC was preloaded with natural water, the pore blockage effect of the NOM was found to cause a reduction of up to more than two orders of magnitude in the surface diffusion rate of atrazine compared to simultaneous adsorption of atrazine and NOM with fresh PAC. The surface diffusion coefficient of atrazine for preloaded PAC decreased with a decrease in PAC dose or an increase in NOM surface concentration. Because of the pore blockage effect of NOM, a 30% drop in atrazine removal was observed in a continuous flow PAC/microfiltration (MF) system after 7 days of contact compared to the removal predicted from the batch isotherm test. Large micropores and mesopores were found to play an important role in alleviating the effect of pore blockage. A PAC with a relatively large fraction of large micropore and mesopores was shown to suffer much less from the pore blockage effect compared with a PAC that had a much smaller fraction of large pores. Natural waters with different NOM molecular weight distribution caused different extent of pore blockage. The NOM molecules with molecular weight between 200 and 700 Dalton appeared to be responsible for the pore blockage effect.     

降低铁水脱硫喷枪堵枪频率的研究与应用

通过对武钢第三炼钢厂二脱硫站纯喷颗粒镁铁水脱硫生产过程的调研，系统地分析引起无气化室颗粒镁脱硫喷枪堵枪频率高的原因，并从喷枪结构与尺寸、脱硫工艺参数的控制、脱硫剂质量、设备状况等方面，研究并采用降低喷枪堵枪频率的技术措施。此外，从因素波动的角度考虑，也采取缩短喷枪内插喷吹管更换时间的技术措施，取得良好的应用效果。     

油浆系统堵塞原因分析及改进措施

阐述了中石化洛阳分公司I套催化裂化装置油浆系统堵塞存在的问题。结合实际生产状况对油浆系统中产生堵塞的因素进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Comparison of blockage factors in modelling the resistance of channels containing submerged macrophytes

The proportion of a river channel containing vegetation (termed the blockage factor) has historically been determined in three ways: cross‐sectional, surface area and volumetric. The first two versions are two‐dimensional measures. Meanwhile, the three‐dimensional volumetric version is biased towards deeper sections of a reach. A fourth version of the blockage factor is proposed that does not have such limitations: the multi‐cross‐sectional blockage factor. Between five and nine cross‐sections were sampled to determine the four blockage‐factor versions for 35 river sites containing the clumped submergent macrophyte, Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium (water‐crowfoot). The ability of these four measures to act as predictors of vegetative channel resistance was then assessed. The vegetated proportion of individual cross‐sections was poorly related to the vegetation resistance of a channel reach, primarily due to the high spatial variability of patch‐forming macrophytes. The weighted median of all cross‐sectional blockage factors measured at each site produced the strongest relationship with vegetation resistance, though this was not significantly better than the volumetric or surface area versions. The resistance model using the surface‐area blockage factor gave a very high residual between predicted and calculated resistance for a mat‐forming macrophyte species, and this model is unlikely to hold for conditions other than baseflow. Likewise, the volumetric version is not expected to hold for sites that have more depth variability than those measured in this study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水的处理及预防措施

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水对桩体混凝土受力和基底防水产生影响,对混凝土结构中的钢筋造成腐蚀。结合工程实例,对桩头渗水产生的原因进行分析,主要有操作经验不足、责任心不强,灌注器具不合格,混凝土质量指标不符合要求,灌注接近结束时拔管速度过快、灌注终了超灌高度测量不准,基土含水量高、水压大等;出现桩头渗水可采用人工剔除或注浆封堵处理;介绍了预防措施,包括加强作业人员培训,强化灌注器具检查,严控混凝土质量,重点监管终灌时的状态,做好基坑内降水工作等。