Process windows for low-temperature Au wire bonding

The process windows are presented for low-temperature Au wire bonding on Au/Ni/Cu bond pads of varying Au-layer thicknesses metallized on an organic FR-4 printed circuit board (PCB). Three different plating techniques were used to deposit the Au layers: electrolytic plating, immersion plating, and immersion plating followed by electrolytic plating. Wide ranges of wire bond force, bond power, and bond-pad temperature were used to identify the combination of these processing parameters that can produce good wire bonds, allowing the construction of process windows. The criterion for successful bonds is no peel off for all 20 wires tested. The wire pull strengths and wire deformation ratios are measured to evaluate the bond quality after a successful wire bond. Elemental and surface characterization techniques were used to evaluate the bond-pad surfaces and are correlated to wire bondability and wire pull strength. Based on the process windows along with the pull strength data, the bond-pad metallization and bonding conditions can be further optimized for improved wire bondability and product yields. The wire bondability of the electrolytic bond pad increased with Au-layer thickness. The bond pad with an Au-layer thickness of 0.7 μm displayed the highest bondability for all bonding conditions used. The bondability of immersion bond pads was comparable to electrolytic bond pads with a similar Au thickness. Although a high temperature was beneficial to wire bondability with a wide process window, it did not improve the bond quality as measured by wire pull strength.     

固井质量的测井评价及影响因素分析

在石油天燃气勘探开发中,油气井能否充分利用、正常生产及寿命长短关键在于固井质量的好坏。随着油气勘探开发的深入,超深井、水平井、厚套管井及"三高(高温、高压、高含硫)"气井,给固井质量测井评价技术提出了新的要求。采用多层套管完井,最多可达四层(13-3/8" +9-5/8"+7"+5")套管的四川气井埋藏深度一般在2500～6500米左右。本文主要介绍固井质量的用途及优缺点,声波变密度测井评价,固井声波变密度测井主要影响因素分析。     

(Ca1-xBax)[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15)]O3+δ陶瓷微波介电特性

研究了A位Ba2+取代对(Ca1-xBax)[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3+δ (0≤x≤0.2,CBLNZ)陶瓷的微观结构及微波介电特性的影响.当0≤x≤0.025时,体系为单一钙钛矿相,随Ba2+含量的增加,谐振频率温度系数(τf)由-9.4×10-6/℃增加到18×10-6/℃,而品质因数(Q)先增大;当x=0.025时,开始下降.用键价理论分析了谐振频率温度系数随B位键价的变化关系.当x(Ba2+)=2.5%时,陶瓷微波介电性能最佳,即介电常数εr=34.3,品质因数与频率的乘积Q·f =13 400 GHz,τf =-2.1×10-6/℃.     

松散煤体低温氧化放热强度的测定和计算

根据煤低温自然火实验台测定的温度场变化和传热理论,推导出计算不同温度松散煤体低温氧化放热强度的热平衡法;由实验测定的气体浓度变化量,推算出不同温度时煤氧复合的耗氧速率、ＣＯ和ＣＯ２产生率;结合煤氧复合过程的键能量变化量,得出低温氧化放热强度的键艰算法,确定其上限和下限,为煤自燃特性的定量分析及自然发火预测提供了理论依据。     

氢键抑制方法减少瓜尔胶压裂液对砂岩储层的吸附伤害

为了减轻瓜尔胶压裂液在砂岩多孔介质中产生的吸附伤害、降低其对致密砂岩储层渗透率的伤害,以四川盆地中侏罗统沙溪庙组砂岩为研究对象,根据热重实验确定瓜尔胶在砂岩表面的吸附量,并利用X射线电子能谱测试结合岩心流动实验,分析瓜尔胶压裂液在砂岩多孔介质中的吸附作用机理,再通过核磁共振和CT成像,研究压裂液吸附对砂岩孔喉结构变化和氢键抑制剂对压裂液综合性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)压裂液会吸附在岩石多孔介质内部,导致岩石孔径变小、储层渗透性变差,吸附量约为3.9 mg/g;(2)砂岩表面的含氧基团与瓜尔胶分子形成的多重氢键作用是砂岩多孔介质与压裂液之间发生吸附的主要作用力,氢键抑制剂可以降低瓜尔胶在砂岩中的吸附量和对储层渗透率的伤害程度;(3)氢键抑制剂的加入对压裂液流变性影响不大,但却可以有效地降低破胶液的表面张力和残渣含量。结论认为,氢键抑制剂可以解除瓜尔胶与砂岩的吸附作用,有效地降低瓜尔胶压裂液对储层的伤害,并且不会影响压裂液的综合性能;该研究成果对于认识氢键抑制剂的性能、改进瓜尔胶压裂液体系、提高致密砂岩储层的增产改造效果等都具有重要的意义。     

沥青质分子聚集体的聚集内因

运用量子力学、分子动力学等方法,研究沥青质分子聚集体形成过程的分子构型变化、能量变化以及电子分布情况。结果表明：沥青质分子形成聚集体过程中形变能很小,沥青质分子发生形变不是沥青质聚集体形成的决定因素,但为沥青质分子聚集进而形成聚集体提供基础,沥青质分子具有很强的本征聚集活性;沥青质分子间相互作用能很大,是沥青质分子聚集体形成的决定因素,其中,属于分子间固有属性的范德华力及泡利排斥作用之和相对较小,与沥青质分子结构特征相关的π π相互作用及氢键作用之和很大,表明由沥青质分子的大芳环体系和多杂原子的结构特征引起的π π相互作用及氢键作用是导致形成沥青质分子聚集体的主要原因;在所研究体系中,金属卟啉分子与含吡啶氮的沥青质分子通过π π相互作用而非轴向配位作用形成聚集体。     

Ab initio calculations of the NO2 fission for CL-20 conformers

NO₂ fission is regarded to be the most important initial decomposition process of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). In this study, four CL-20 conformers based on the ε-CL-20 were obtained after the optimization at m062x/cc-pvtz level, and the bond length, bond order and bond dissociation energy of the N-N bonds were examined to investigate the stability of these bonds. In addition, the rate constants and activation energy of the NO₂ fission were evaluated using the microcanonical variational transition state theory (μVT). The calculation results have shown that N-N bonds in the case of pseudo-equatorial and axial of nitro groups are the most stable and the least stable, respectively, by evaluating the bond length, bond order and minimum energy path (MEP). The NO₂ fission rate constants are affected by not only the stability of N-N bonds but also the repulsion forces from the other nitro groups, and the fission process for pseudo-equatorial positioning of nitro groups is easier to be accelerated due to the increase of the repulsion forces. The decomposition of CL-20 conformer may mainly originate from the fission of the pseudo-equatorial positioning of nitro groups, especially for CL-20 III conformer because of the significant low activation energy.     

轮式车辆动力传动系统动态特性键合图建模与仿真的研究

在深入分析车辆纵向运动时动力传动系统各单元动态特性及其相互作用的基础上，运用键合图理论构造了车辆动力传动系统较完整的动态模型，并用实例进行了仿真和试验验证。研究结果表明，所建模型和仿真可以较准确地反映系统的动态特性。     

可溶性氟橡胶在烟火药剂中的应用

简单介绍氟橡胶的结构组成及物理、化学性质,针对其可溶于有机溶剂和塑性好等特点,将氟橡胶为粘合剂应用于烟火药剂配方中(氟橡胶为粘合剂),氟橡胶以其优良的性能成为新型高能粘合剂的代表．     

硅烷偶联剂对多孔硅的稳定化研究

为了将多孔硅应用于含能材料的制备,采用电化学双槽腐蚀法制备了平均孔径4.3 nm,厚度超过100μm的不龟裂多孔硅薄膜,利用硅烷偶联剂(KH550,KH560,KH570)对此多孔硅薄膜进行表面处理,采用红外光谱(FTIR)技术研究了三种硅烷偶联剂对多孔硅处理前后红外光谱的变化。结果显示,三种硅烷偶联剂均大大降低了多孔硅表面的Si—Hx键的数量,使不稳定的Si—H键转化成更加稳定的Si—OR键。其中KH550和KH570消除悬挂键的效果优于KH560。