Diterpene resin acids: Major active principles in tall oil against Variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Tall oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hübner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude tall oil and depitched tall oil. When crude tall oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched tall oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched tall oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in tall oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of tall oil.     

无叶假木贼杀虫有效部位的研究

依次通过酸水煮沸、煤油萃取和不同酸碱度下氯仿萃取煤油层，从无叶假木贼中得到两个提取部位。田间杀虫试验证明其中一部位有良好的杀虫效果。对该杀虫有效部位进行化学成分分析．通过薄层层析和气相色谱-质谱方法，证明有效部位的主要成分是毒藜碱和羽扇豆碱。     

青岛市市售蔬菜中农残特征及膳食暴露风险评估

目的 了解青岛市市售蔬菜中农药残留污染水平,为青岛市蔬菜食用安全提供科学依据。方法 2020—2022年,在青岛10个区市随机采集7大类680份蔬菜样品,检测并分析蔬菜样品中28种农药残留的特征,对被检出农药进行急性、慢性膳食暴露风险评估。结果 680份蔬菜样品中,农药检出率为9.71%（66/680）;超标率为2.79%（19/680）。共检出10种农药,检出率最高的为联苯菊酯4.50%（27/600）;共超标6种农药,超标率最高的为毒死蜱1.18%（8/680）。各类农药检出率与超标率间的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。7类蔬菜间的检出率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,茄果类农残检出率最高（27.68%,31/112）,检出农残种类的数量最多（8种）。7类蔬菜中均有禁限用农药的分布。10个区市均有农残检出,除黄岛区、胶州市、平度市外均有超标现象。城阳区检出率为19.44%（7/36）,李沧区超标率为7.02%（4/57）,市北区检出农残种类的数量最多为7种。检出的各类农药的急性、慢性膳食暴露风险评估aHQ、cHQ均小于1。结论 青岛市市售蔬菜样品中仍有部分禁限用农药存在,但农药残留水平较低,居民通过膳食途径摄入蔬菜中农残的健康风险较小。要继续加强对禁限用农药的监督管理,最大限度降低食用蔬菜中农药残留对人体健康造成的风险。     

新型邻苯二甲酰胺类杀虫剂的研究进展

介绍了新型邻苯二甲酰胺类鱼尼丁受体杀虫剂的研究进展,包括国内外各大农药公司近年来公开的具有较好活性的化合物以及即将商品化产品氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)的创制经纬和合成方法。     

Indoor residual spray and insecticide-treated bednets for malaria control: theoretical synergisms and antagonisms

Indoor residual spray (IRS) of insecticides and insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are the two most important malaria vector control tools in the tropical world. Application of both tools in the same locations is being implemented for malaria control in endemic and epidemic Africa. The two tools are assumed to have synergistic benefits in reducing malaria transmission because they both act at multiple stages of the transmission cycle. However, this assumption has not been rigorously examined, empirically or theoretically. Using mathematical modelling, we obtained the conditions for which a combination strategy can be expected to improve upon single control tools. Specifically, spraying of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in all houses where residents are not using ITNs can reduce transmission of malaria (R₀) by up to 10 times more than the reduction achieved through ITNs alone. Importantly, however, we also show how antagonism between control tools can arise via interference of their modes of action. Repellent IRS reduces the likelihood that ITNs are contacted within sprayed houses and ITNs reduce the rate at which blood-fed mosquitoes rest on sprayed walls. For example, 80 per cent coverage of ITNs and DDT used together at the household level resulted in an R₀ of 11.1 when compared with an R₀ of 0.1 achieved with 80 per cent ITN coverage without DDT. While this undesired effect can be avoided using low-repellence pyrethroid chemicals for IRS, the extent of the potential benefits is also attenuated. We discuss the impact that this result will likely have on future efforts in malaria control combination strategy.     

杀虫剂新品种开发进展及特点

综述了近20年来杀虫剂新品种的开发进展，并介绍了杀虫剂工业发展的一些新特点。     

害虫抗药性研究与治理状况概述

简述了全球害虫抗药性发生情况,对我国害虫抗药性发生概况、治理策略和治理现状进行了介绍.     

8个烟碱类杀虫剂生物活性比较研究

比较吡虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、氯噻啉、呋虫胺等8个烟碱类杀虫剂的生物活性,为科学应用提供参考。采用浸渍法、浸稻苗法、浸叶碟法等对豆蚜、褐飞虱、二化螟、小菜蛾进行室内毒力测定,对活性进行分组,并进行了结构与活性关系初步分析。结果表明:烟碱类药剂对豆蚜LC50值为0.0314⁰.3505 mg/L,对抗吡虫啉的褐飞虱LC50值为0.565 70.3505 mg/L,对抗吡虫啉的褐飞虱LC50值为0.565 7⁴9.404 6 mg/L,对二化螟LC50值为7.517649.404 6 mg/L,对二化螟LC50值为7.5176¹39.0369 mg/L,对小菜蛾LC50值为10.533 4139.0369 mg/L,对小菜蛾LC50值为10.533 4¹00 mg/L。烟碱基闭环与开环、取代杂环等结构特点对药剂活性有影响。烟碱类药剂对同翅目害虫的活性显著优于对鳞翅目害虫的活性。在实际应用中可以采取轮用策略和兼治策略推进药剂的科学合理使用,还可加强研发种子处理剂等。     

几种杀虫剂防治椰心叶甲的药效试验

报道了9种杀虫剂防治椰心叶甲成虫的药效试验,试验结果表明:化学农药2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯EC、2.5%三氟氯氰菊酯EC、10%吡虫啉WP对椰心叶甲的防治效果高,防效均在90%以上;生物农药1.8%阿维菌素EC、0.3%印楝素EC对椰心叶甲有一定的控制作用,但效果不理想。     

多孔淀粉在内墙涂料中的应用

本用多孔淀粉和淀粉吸附天然除虫菊酯后加入内墙涂料，通过对两解吸附量、释放时间的比较，说明在内墙涂料中加入杀虫剂的可行性，同时也表明多孔淀粉作为一种新型的吸附和缓释剂，有着广泛的用途。