用改进的遗传算法训练神经网络以研究有机磷杀虫剂的构效关系

结合改进的遗传算法（ＩＧＡ）和误差反传算法（ＢＰＡ）训练人工神经元网络，用以对三元不对称有机磷构效关系进行研究。作者保留了ＢＰＡ作为权值基本训练方法简捷的优点，又利用遗传算法的全局搜索性，以克服ＢＰＡ陷入局部极小点的缺陷，使两者集成在一起，通过因子α调整遗传算法和误差反传算法的结合程度，发挥各自的长处，达到训练过程的优化。通过实例表明建立了更准确的数学模型，具有较好的实用价值。     

焦脱镁叶绿酸a对果蝇的光活化毒性

测定了叶绿素衍生物焦脱镁叶绿酸a对果腹果蝇的光活化毒性。果腹果蝇随机麻醉分组，每组20只，根据处理方法进食不同培养基，选择适当的浓度，测定不同处理方式、光照时间长短和光照强弱对毒效的影响。果蝇进食48h后光照能较好地发挥毒效，焦脱镁叶绿酸a2．0g／L与光活化染料赤藓红B2．0g／L的光活毒性相当，光活毒杀效应随化合物浓度的提高、光照时间的延长、光照强度的增强而增强。焦脱镁叶绿酸a是一个优良的光敏剂，光是激活其毒杀效应的关键。     

产学研结合共同发展河北省绿色农药产业

从传统化学农药的使用对生态环境、人民健康、食品安全、出口贸易产生的严重消极影响,论述了开发绿色农药的现实意义;针对河北省农药生产的现状,阐述了建立河北省绿色农药中试基地必要性。     

不同杀虫剂对烟粉虱两种优势寄生蜂的毒性及风险评估

采用指形管药膜法分别测定了5种田间常用于防治烟粉虱的杀虫剂对烟粉虱两种优势寄生蜂—丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的毒性,明确不同杀虫剂对丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的安全性,为烟粉虱的综合防治和农药的合理施用提供科学依据。结果显示,22.4%螺虫乙酯对丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的LC₅₀最高,分别为136.465和119.408 mg/L;20%呋虫胺对丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的LC₅₀最低,分别为14.496和9.259 mg/L;相较于浅黄恩蚜小蜂,不同杀虫剂对丽蚜小蜂的LC₅₀相对较高。供试杀虫剂中,22.4%螺虫乙酯和50%氟啶虫胺腈对两种优势寄生蜂的安全系数较高,均为中等风险;10%烯啶虫胺、10%溴氰虫酰胺和20%呋虫胺对两种优势寄生蜂的安全系数较低,均为高风险。22.4%螺虫乙酯、50%氟啶虫胺腈对丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的毒性中等,田间用于防治烟粉虱时,应在保证防治效果的前提下适当降低杀虫剂浓度,减少施药次数,避开在寄生蜂成虫羽化高峰期施药;10%烯啶虫胺、10%溴氰虫酰胺和20%呋虫胺对丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的毒性较高,不应在丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂发生期施药。     

Efficacy of the furanosesquiterpene isofuranodiene against the stored-product insects Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

In plant and animal kingdoms, isofuranodiene is a widespread, lipophilic and volatile furanosesquiterpene endowed with insecticidal properties. In the current study, we evaluated its toxicity against the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults and the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) adults and larvae at 500 and 1000 ppm. Results showed that the overall mortality of P. truncatus adults exposed to 500 ppm was low, while at the higher dose tested it increased to 56.7% after 7 days of exposure. Notably, isofuranodiene killed 95.6 and 96.7% of the exposed T. granarium adults 5 and 7 days post-exposure at 1000 ppm. On the other side, T. granarium larval mortality did not exceed 24.4 and 37.8% at 500 and 1000 ppm respectively, after 7 days of exposure. Isofuranodiene could be considered further to develop novel green tools against T. granarium adults, since there is a lack of effective grain protectants against this noxious species.     

3,5,6—三氯—2—吡啶醇钠的合成

三氯乙酰氯与丙烯腈在催化剂存在下于一定温度反应生成２,２,４－三氯－４－氰基丁酰氯,后经环状化、芳构化得到３,５,６－三氯－２－吡啶醇钠。     

Sin-QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测果蔬中5种双酰胺类杀虫剂

目的建立Sin-QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测水果和蔬菜中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺5种新型双酰胺类杀虫剂的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,经新颖的基质分散净化装置(Sin-QuEChERS)净化,采用C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式,其中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺采用正离子模式,四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺采用负离子模式。结果 5种化合物在1～100μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)为0.9987-0.9999。在5、10、50μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为73.0%～115.8%,相对标准偏差小于10.9%(n=6),方法定量限为5μg/kg。结论该方法快速简便、检测准确、灵敏度高,适合水果蔬菜中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺的残留检测。     

食品中有机磷杀虫剂残留对人体健康的损害作用

综述了食品中有机磷杀虫剂残留对人体的急性毒性,遗传毒性,生殖毒性以及免疫毒性的作用,对我国食品中有机磷杀虫剂残留现状作了简要分析并提出控制措施。     

The Regulatory Framework Across International Jurisdictions for Risks Associated with Consumption of Botanical Food Supplements

Dietary supplements, including those containing botanical ingredients and botanical‐derived compounds, have been marketed to consumers globally for many decades. However, the legislative framework for such products remains inconsistent across jurisdictions internationally. This study aims to compare the regulatory framework of botanical food supplements in the EU, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Japan, and China. The study also aims to investigate and describe safety assessment criteria for botanical food supplements where they are present in the above said jurisdictions, and attempts to analyze whether these criteria are suitable for addressing the toxicological risks associated with the use of botanical food supplement products, based on the evaluation of reported adverse effects related to botanical food supplement use as examples. Finally, this study discusses some future issues that need further attention, such as the consideration of less than lifetime exposures, potential for misidentification, and adulteration of botanical supplements by pharmacologically active substances. It is concluded that the regulatory approaches towards botanical food supplements differ significantly across jurisdictions. In addition, national authorities are increasingly considering having more regulatory oversight for such products. Further consideration of the actual impact of adverse events arising from botanical food supplement usage will be helpful in guiding such decisions.     

50%虎蛙等几种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

田间试验示范结果表明:虎蛙EC对稻纵卷叶螟有良好的防治效果。2龄幼虫高峰期用80ml/667m2,药后3、7d杀虫效果分别为90.2%和94.1%,保叶效果分别为82.0%和87.7%,优于30%螟服EC70ml/667m2和40%三唑磷EC80ml/667m2。3龄幼虫高峰期用100ml/667m2,药后4、6d杀虫效果仍达80.1%以上。