In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Berry Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effect on Lipid Peroxidation of Thigh Meat from Broiler Chickens

The present study is designed to evaluate the antioxidant compounds from bilberry, cranberry, and raspberry leaves in connection with their radical scavenging activities, and their potential in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation of thigh meat from broiler chickens. For this purpose, plant extracts are analyzed regarding the content in bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties analysis including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities. Lipid peroxidation is induced by an Fe⁺³/ascorbic acid system and the inhibitory effects of plants extracts are assessed using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as biomarkers for quantifying lipid oxidation in meat. The overview of the analyzed antioxidant compounds shows that cranberry leaves present the highest concentrations of vitamin E, β‐carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and polyphenols and a total antioxidant capacity with 52% higher than bilberry and 360% than raspberry. Bilberry leaves extract shows the strongest effect (p  < 0.0001) in inhibiting meat lipid peroxidation. Practical Applications: The results demonstrate the positive effect of the selected berry leaves in the oxidative stability of broiler chicken meat under in vitro conditions, and may be suggested as an alternative source of natural antioxidants for animal nutrition, with benefits in inhibiting and delaying oxidation, and also enhancing the nutritional value of meat.     

天然色素和人工色素对肉仔鸡皮肤和脚胫颜色影响的研究

研究在日粮中添加含天然色素的玉米和人工色素的加丽素红对AA肉仔鸡皮肤和脚胫颜色的影响。结果表明:AA肉仔鸡饲喂含天然色素的玉米和含人工色素的加丽素红的日粮都能改善AA肉仔鸡皮肤、脚胫颜色。人工色素组,随着加丽素红添加量的提高,各处理的RCF值提高,30mg/kg、60mg/kg组RCF值较对照组提高显著(P<0.05)。天然色素组,试验前期随着玉米添加量的提高,各处理的RCF值提高,50%、70%玉米组较对照组提高显著(P<0.05)。人工色素组加丽素红添加量为60mg/kg时,AA肉仔鸡皮肤和脚胫的RCF值与天然色素组日粮中玉米添加量为50%的着色程度一致。试验后期,人工色素组玉米添加量均为30%的处理1、处理2与天然色素组玉米添加量为30%的处理6AA肉仔鸡皮肤和脚胫的RCF值保持一致。     

白羽肉鸡胸腿肉的氧化对食用品质和钙蛋白酶活性的影响

为了研究氧化对禽类肌肉的影响程度,为鸡肉品质调控的研究提供参考,本实验以白羽肉鸡为研究对象,选取鸡的胸、腿肉,测定氧化对肌肉持水性能、营养素含量以及对胸肉钙蛋白酶活力的影响。结果显示：氧化可造成肉鸡胸肉和腿肉持水力下降,蒸煮损失率增加,产品得率降低;且过氧化氢（H2O2）溶液浓度对蛋白氧化程度和脂肪氧化程度有影响,随着H2O2溶液浓度的增大,肌肉蛋白质和脂质等营养素水平呈显著下降趋势。而在氧化对钙蛋白酶的活性研究中发现钙蛋白酶活力随H2O2浓度增大而降低,从而推测钙蛋白酶活力水平变化与白羽肉鸡肉质改变的关系密切。     

肉鸡生产链中肠炎沙门氏菌耐药性分析及ERIC-PCR分型

目的：了解肉鸡生产链中肠炎沙门氏菌耐药性情况以及各生产环节菌株间亲缘关系,为临床用药及菌株追踪溯源提供依据。方法：采用微量肉汤稀释法对171 株肠炎沙门氏菌进行13 种抗菌药物药敏实验;采用肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应（enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction,ERIC-PCR）法对33 株不同生产环节耐药菌株进行分子分型;采用SPSS 20.0软件、Gel-Pro Analyer 4.0和NTSYS pc 2.1软件进行分析。结果：171 株肠炎沙门氏菌对13 种药物耐药情况不同,其中对氨苄西林耐药情况最严重,耐药率高达90.06%,对恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星最为敏感,耐药率均仅为5.26%;不同环节间耐药性差异极显著（P＜0.01）;多重耐药率高达95.32%,共有26 种耐药谱型。不同环节的33 株肠炎沙门氏菌分为4 种（Ⅰ～Ⅳ）基因型,遗传相似性在66%～100%,Ⅰ型为优势基因型;基因型相同的菌株耐药谱不一定相同,反之,耐药谱相同的菌株基因型不一定相同。结论：肉鸡生产链条中沙门氏菌对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性,且耐药谱种类繁多;沙门氏菌能够沿着生产链进行水平传播,肉鸡场环节菌株基因型相对复杂,菌株基因型与耐药表型之间无明显相关性。     

The use of fly ash from the combustion of poultry litter for the adsorption of chromium(III) from aqueous solution

Fly ash, from the combustion of poultry litter, was assessed as an adsorbent for chromium(III) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was studied as a function of temperature and time. Adsorption was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption of chromium(III) on the fly ash was endothermic and kinetic studies suggest that the overall rate of adsorption was pseudo‐second order. At low initial concentrations film diffusion effects contribute to limiting the overall rate of adsorption while at higher initial chromium(III) concentrations pore diffusion becomes more important. An adsorption capacity of 53 mg dm^?3 was reached at 20 °C. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

降低日粮蛋白质水平可显著降低肉仔鸡的氮排出量

本文研究了日粮蛋白水平(CP)对肉仔鸡生长性能及其氮的利用率、排出量的影响。试验选用320只0日龄肉仔鸡随机分成23-20-18%CP(Ⅰ)、21.5-19-17%CP(Ⅱ)、20-18-16%CP(Ⅲ)、18.5-17-15%CP(Ⅳ)4个日粮处理组,每个处理4个重复,分0～3周龄、4～6周龄和7～8周龄3个阶段进行了为期8周的试验。结果表明:Ⅰ组(高蛋白日粮)鸡生长性能较佳;但该组鸡干物质、氮的利用率显著低于其它三组(P<0.05),干物质、氮的排出量却显著高于其它三组(P<0.05);与Ⅱ组(次高蛋白日粮)比,该组鸡每周氮排出量高40%,每周干物质排出量高30%;从投入产出比看,该处理生产单位活鸡所需饲料费最高。因此,结合鸡场的经济效益和环保效益,我们认为,中投入、中产出(适宜的生产水平)、低污染的生产模式应为我国肉鸡生产的首选模式。     

Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented with a mannan oligosaccharide

A study was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens to a commercial synthetic mannan oligosaccharide, Bio‐Mos? (BM), included in sorghum/lupin‐based diets at 0.0, 1.0, 3.0 or 5.0 g kg^?1 diet. The diets were fed between 7 and 28 days of age, and both the gross response and mechanisms involved were evaluated. The highest level of BM in the diet resulted in longer (P < 0.01) jejunal villi than those observed at other levels of supplementation. The RNA content of the ileal mucosal homogenate was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in chicks raised on diets supplemented with 3.0 and 5.0 g BM kg^?1 diet than in other groups. The protein/DNA ratio of the jejunal mucosal homogenate was also higher (P < 0.05) in chicks fed the 1.0 g BM kg^?1 diet than in chicks fed the other diets. The protein/RNA and RNA/DNA ratios in ileal homogenates were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the presence of BM in the diet. There were significantly greater specific activities of maltase (P < 0.01), leucine aminopeptidase (P < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001) in the jejunum as a result of supplementation with BM. Digestive enzyme activities in the ileum were unaffected. L ‐Tryptophan uptake by jejunal brush‐border membrane vesicles was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in chicks raised on the 5.0 g BM kg^?1 diet than in the other chicks. The supplement led to minor improvement in body weight but no improvement in feed conversion ratio. These effects were related to changes in digestive enzyme activities and, perhaps, amino acid transport. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

低有效磷饲粮添加植酸酶对肉仔鸡矿物质代谢的影响

100只艾维因肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每个组设4个重复。第1组喂标准饲粮;第2,3,4,5组喂低有效磷（0．20％）饲粮,分别加植酸酶0,350,500,650FTU／kg,饲养试验分两个阶段：0－3周,4－6周。试验期为5周,观察各组肉鸡的营养物质表观利用率、胫骨质量、血清化学指标的变化,研究低有效磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对矿物质代谢的影响及作用机制。试验结果表明：在低有效磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对矿物代谢有一定积极影响,以植酸酶最大添加量650FTU／kg组的效果为最佳。