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本文应用灰色关联分析方法,对70种不同类型和组成的钻井液,进行了两参数流变模式优选及评价。与现行方法比较的结果表明此方法与现行结果的吻合度高,并有新颖、数据要求量少、结论易于比较等优点。     

激光在塑性变形测量中的应用

本文将激光应用于云纹法，研究了缺口滚压强化后根部区域的位移场及应变分布规律。结果表明，本方法是提高塑性变形测量精度的有效手段。     

Energy absorption in splitting square metal tubes

This paper presents an investigation into the energy absorbing behaviour of axially splitting square metal tubes. Tubes 50 mm square with a variable thickness were pushed slowly against rigid pyramid shaped dies, which had various semi-angles. By pre-cutting 5 mm long slits at the four corners, the tube splits along the corners and curls outward with a certain radius at a constant force. In this energy dissipating system, there are three components: tearing energy, plastic deformation energy and frictional energy. Theoretical analysis of the three energy components is presented. Curl radius is also studied in detail. Good agreement between experiments and theory is obtained. The results show that tubes which both split and curl may be used as efficient, long stroke energy absorbing devices.     

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of a CuCrZr alloy

The CuCrZr alloy undergoes processes of precipitation during ageing. Besides precipitation hardening the strength is affected by cold deformation which is performed before and after ageing. The cold deformation (D ₁) before ageing accelerates the process of strength hardening, since it induces higher rate of precipitation from the saturated a-sold solution. Cold deformation (D ₂) after ageing primarily affects the alloy strength. In this paper the results of the effect of thermomechanical treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of a CuCrZr alloy are presented. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the most suitable combination of thermomechanical treatment and alloy properties.     

粘弹性圆柱壳在轴向恒压下的动力稳定性

基于Timoshenko-Mindlin假设,得到考虑粘弹性的各向同性圆柱壳及纤维增强正交铺设层合圆柱壳在轴向恒压下的动力学方程。文中对两端简支的圆柱壳进行了分析,依Laplace变换,导出动力稳定的特征方程,由Routh-Hurwitz判据建立动力稳定性条件,对两类圆柱壳讨论了横向剪切变形的影响。     

混凝土简支梁预设变形值探讨

以某高速公路钢筋混凝土与预应力混凝土工程为例，从简支梁的预拱度和下挠度的设置两方面进行了阐述，提出了钢筋混凝土简支梁下挠变形和预应力混凝土简支梁上拱变形的不同之处。     

碎丝埋弧焊在大型立式储罐中的应用

大型储罐底板焊接及变形控制是保证储罐整体施工质量的关键环节,采用碎丝填充的焊接方法可以防止变形,同时可以有效地避免应力集中,提高施工质量。文章介绍了碎丝埋弧焊的原理、工艺参数和焊接方法。实践证明,填充碎丝不仅是一种减小底板焊接变形的手段,同时可以充分利用焊接热能,节约焊接时间和焊剂用量,经济效益好,是一种值得推广的技术。     

水平井筒变质量分散泡状流压降的理论与实验研究

由于水平井筒和常规水平管道中气液两相流动的相似和差别，可以预知常规水平管流的压降计算方法对于井筒流动来说就需要进行修正或扩展。本文对气、液两相分别应用质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程，考虑管壁存在人流或出流对于分层流流型压降的影响，得到水平井筒气液两相变质量流动分散泡状流流型的压降计算方法。同时，设计并建立了水平井筒流体流动模拟实验装置，在轴向为气液两相流动的前提下分别进行了上管壁单孔眼注入和下管壁单孔眼注入的压降实验研究，获得了大量的实验数据。实验数据和理论计算结果吻合很好，这表明该计算方法具有实际应用价值。     

Defect structure of gold introduced by high-speed deformation

The effect of deformation speed on defect structures introduced into bulk gold specimens at 298 K has been investigated systematically over a wide range of strain rate from ′=10⁻² to 10⁶ s⁻¹. As strain rate increased, dislocation structure changed from heterogeneous distribution, so-called cell structure, to random distribution. Also, stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) were produced at anomalously high density by deformation at high strain rate. The anomalous production of SFTs observed at high strain rate is consistent with the characteristic microstructure induced by dislocation-free plastic deformation, which has been recently reported in deformation of gold thin foils. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that high-speed deformation induces an abnormal mechanism of plastic deformation, which falls beyond the scope of dislocation theory. Numerical analysis of dislocation structure and SFTs revealed that the transition point of variation of deformation mode is around the strain rate of 10³ s⁻¹.     

紧凑式轧机变形规程优化设计

本文从紧凑式轧机的轧制变形特点出发,分析了其变形规程设计的主要特点和方法,讨论了限制其道次变形量的基本因素,给出了优化设计的目标函数和约束条件。指出,类似这种具有复杂约束的轧制变形问题采用混合罚函数法处理更为有效,并成功地采用该方法进行了变形规程的试设定。