20CrMnTi螺旋锥齿轮中出现圆鼓泡问题的分析

在对机车转向架螺旋锥齿轮的粗、精加工中发现其表面鼓起许多小泡，将其剖开酸洗后呈现为小裂纹状，该现象在实际生产中较为罕见，对此进行分析，探讨，查找原因，确定这是钢材内气泡未能焊合的结果，为此制定了改进措施。     

亭子口水电站跌坎消力池减压模型试验研究

采用1:40减压模型,通过测试流态、水下噪声和脉动压力等水力参数,对亭子口水电站闸墩尾部跌坎式底流消力池的空化空蚀特性进行了研究。成果表明：闸墩尾部区域存在强度为发展阶段的剪切流空化,采用8.00 m高度的跌坎消力池后,消力池底板空蚀破坏的可能性较小;但消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离较小时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性较大;消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离增至4.20 m时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性显著降低。     

流动沸腾条件下窄通道内的汽泡生长和冷凝

针对过冷沸腾条件下窄通道内的汽泡生长和冷凝进行实验研究。实验中观察到了两类汽泡的生长和冷凝,分别称为第1类汽泡和第2类汽泡。其中第1类汽泡生长速度较快,且在滑移离开核化点之后迅速冷凝消失。而第2类汽泡的生长速度较慢,且滑移很长一段距离后也不会冷凝消失,具有更长的存活时间。两类汽泡的生长可采用不同的关系式进行预测,且生长冷凝特性均表现出很强的随机性,体现出汽泡周围环境的微小变化对汽泡行为的影响。     

A Bubble‐Derived Strategy to Prepare Multiple Graphene‐Based Porous Materials

Graphene‐based porous structures have triggered tremendous attention due to their promising application in many fields. Recent progress has yielded structures with stochastic porous networks, which limit their controllability and potential performance. It still remains a big challenge for the scalable production to integrate the 2D building block into engineered porous architectures in multidimensions. Here, a versatile technique based on soft bubble templating and fixation by freezing is described to fabricate 3D bubble‐derived graphene foams (BGFs) and 2D bubble‐derived graphene porous membranes (BGPMs). These light‐weight novel structures are carefully tuned. The BGFs show high adsorption capabilities for organic solvents and good recovery in structural deformation. Furthermore, applications of BGFs and BGPMs in strain sensors for wearable devices are discussed, working as a combined system which can both detect the compressive and tensile deformation. This technique can be extended to assemble other nanomaterials as building blocks into macroscopic configurations.     

双模制导航弹静稳定性数值分析

采用二阶Roe格式求解三维N-S方程,根据航弹雷诺数较高、计算网格不规则的特点,选用Spalart-Allmaras代数模型。首先,对卫星制导航弹绕流流场进行大量数值模拟,与风洞吹风试验数据对比,验证了数值方法的有效性。在此基础上对双模制导航弹在不同的攻角和不同来流速度以及不同舵偏角下的绕流流动进行数值模拟,对航弹的升阻特性、纵向静稳定性进行了详细分析,获取的气动参数分布规律对此类双模制导航弹气动布局设计具有一定的参考价值。     

利用光学摄影术研究尾流气泡规律进展

舰船尾流中气泡对尾流特性的研究起着重要的作用.尾流中气泡的形状、大小以及数密度分布都是探测尾流的基础.用光学摄影方法研究尾流气泡具有直观、简便的特点.文章综述了自1979年以来各种研究气泡尾流的光学摄影方法,并对未来的研究重点提出了一些建议.     

舰船尾流散射特性的研究

利用Mie理论计算了单个气泡和舰船尾流横截面内气泡群的体散射函数.计算结果表明尾流中心的后向散射高于尾流边缘的.舰船尾流横截面内气泡群的散射与气泡大小,气泡尺寸分布和尾流深度有关系;在散射角180°附近后向散射增强显著;在散射角60°～80°之间,气泡群的散射相对于相邻角度有所增强.     

Magnetocontrollable Droplet and Bubble Manipulation on a Stable Amphibious Slippery Gel Surface

Smart manipulation of liquid/bubble transport has garnered widespread attention due to its potential applications in many fields. Designing a responsive surface has emerged as an effective strategy for achieving controllable transport of liquids/bubbles. However, it is still challenging to fabricate stable amphibious responsive surfaces that can be used for the smart manipulation of liquid in air and bubbles underwater. Here, amphibious slippery surfaces are fabricated using magnetically responsive soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) doped with iron powder and silicone oil. The slippery gel surface retains its magnetic responsiveness and demonstrates strong affinity for bubbles underwater but shows small and switching resistance forces with the water droplets in air and bubbles underwater, which is the key factor for achieving the controllable transport of liquids/bubbles. On the slippery gel surface, the sliding behaviors of water droplets and bubbles can be reversibly controlled by alternately applying/removing an external magnetic field. Notably, compared with slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces, the slippery gel surface demonstrates outstanding stability, whether in air or underwater, even after 100 cycles of alternately applying/removing the magnetic field. This surface shows potential applications in gas/liquid microreactors, gas–liquid mixed fluid transportation, bubble/droplet manipulation, etc.     

近场水下爆炸作用下箱形梁整体损伤特性研究

当水下近距爆炸载荷对舰船产生耦合激励作用时,舰船的总体损伤特点是一个值得深入研究的问题。以水面箱形梁模型为研究对象,建立了梁模型在水下近距爆炸载荷作用下动态响应的有限元仿真方法,最后利用数值仿真和具体试验相结合的方法,对自由梁在水下特定爆炸工况下的整体损伤特性进行了研究。结果发现：数值计算结果和试验结果具有较好的一致性;在爆炸气泡脉动频率与梁模型一阶湿频率相近的条件下,随着爆径比的增大,梁的整体响应状态由整体中垂塑性弯曲转变为鞭状运动。