Effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas absorption in a microchannel

In this article, the effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas–liquid two-phase flow with mass transfer during gas absorption in a microchannel are investigated, by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution to absorb mixtures of CO₂ and N₂ with various volume fractions. The concentration of CO₂ not only affects the driving force of gas–liquid mass transfer, but also affects the pressure drop of gas–liquid two-phase flow. The average linear velocity of the liquid phase is estimated by introducing the void fraction, which accurately characterizes the difference in the bubble velocity versus the liquid velocity. On this basis, the pressure drop model of gas–liquid two-phase flow with mass transfer in a microchannel is established. Through the pressure drop model, the influence mechanism of CO₂ concentration on the pressure drop during gas absorption in a microchannel is revealed.     

Formation process of zirconia nanotubes and porous structures and model of oxygen bubble growth

Preparation and growth mechanism of anodization of Ti and Al has been widely concerned for two decades, but the research on anodic ZrO₂ is relatively lacking. In this paper, anodic TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanotubes were prepared in glycerol electrolyte containing 0.35 M NH₄F and 4 vol% H₂O under different anodizing voltages. We had successfully prepared the anodic ZrO₂ nanotubes (AZNTs) with a complete top and a “bulb” at the bottom under 60 V, and with the increase of the applied anodizing voltage, the “bulb” cavity also increased. However, under the same anodizing conditions, the surface of anodic TiO₂ nanotubes (ATNTs) is a cluster of nano-tip morphology, and the bottom of the ATNTs is a conventional hemisphere shape. In addition, both AZNTs and porous anodic zirconia (PAZ) were found to coexist in the anodic ZrO₂ layer prepared at 60 V. Here, we used the oxygen bubble model and ionic current and electronic current theories to analyze the reason of the special morphology. It is confirmed that the porous anodic oxides are actually evolved from nanotubes. In other words, the structure is essentially the same.     

废弃混凝土再生微粉对混凝土抗冻性能及气孔结构的影响

本文研究了利用废弃混凝土制备的再生微粉掺量、矿物掺合料复掺作用、引气剂含量等因素对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,并且通过电镜扫描、压汞法、Rapid Air等手段来分析混凝土微观结构变化与其抗冻性能之间的关系.结果表明:混凝土抗冻性能随着再生微粉掺量的增加逐步提高,当水胶比为0.35,混凝土中单掺30％再生微粉时,其抗冻次数可...     

不同弹性材料空蚀特性试验

在水利工程的泄水建筑物中,弹性材料作为抗空蚀材料具有极为广阔的应用前景,研究空化泡与不同边界材料的相互作用,探索弹性材料抗空蚀的机理,具有明确的现实意义和理论价值。本文通过开展不同弹性材料超声空蚀实验,以宏观和微观角度观察分析不同弹性材料的空蚀特征,研究材料抗空蚀性能的影响因素。其中,弹性材料主要包括216-1硅胶、216-2硅胶、218-1硅胶、218-2硅胶、聚氨酯、软质聚氯乙烯、硬质聚氯乙烯、酚醛层压板、低密聚乙烯、高密聚乙烯、聚酰胺等材料,对应的拉伸弹性模量范围为1-4660MPa。主要得到以下结论：(1)弹性模量1-11MPa的弹性材料在超声空化作用下没有出现空蚀质量损失,另外弹性材料的表面仅有些细小的纹理变化,没有出现破裂或孔洞,表明在这一弹性模量范围的弹性材料具有较好的抗空蚀特性。(2)随着弹性模量增加,不同弹性材料的空蚀破坏特征有较明显的差别,说明此时材料抗空蚀特性与弹性模量的关联性下降,与材料密度、结构等特征有关：高密度、结构致密的材料空蚀质量损失和表面粗糙度变化很少;密度较低、结构稀疏的材料有明显空蚀质量损失和表面粗糙度增加。另外,材料表面缺陷处更容易发生空蚀破坏。研究结论可为弹性抗空蚀材料的研发和应用提供理论支撑。     

Effect of ultrasound on bubble breakup within the mixing chamber of an effervescent atomizer

Gas bubbles introduced into a liquid in the mixing chamber help to break up the liquid into fine droplets on being expanded to the ambient pressure. The passage of gas bubbles through the orifice of the nozzle requires that the size of the bubbles be much smaller than the diameter of the orifice. In the present work, the effectiveness of 20 kHz ultrasound to increase number density of fine bubbles within the mixing chamber of an effervescent atomizer by breaking up bubbles introduced in it by an aerator was investigated. Bubbles of initial size in the range of 5-10 mm were shown to get disintegrated into clusters of micron and sub-micron sized bubbles. A fine spray was produced in the presence of ultrasound at a gas-to-liquid mass flowrate ratio (GLR) of 0.063%. The half-cone angle of spray was in the range of 6-10°, which compares favorably with conventional atomizers. The experimental findings of bubble breakup were theoretically modeled by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The results of the model indicate that bubbles having initial radius less than 3 mm undergo growth and subsequent disintegration at 20 kHz for the given acoustic pressure of 0.3 MPa.     

浮法玻璃气泡的产生与控制

气泡是浮法玻璃的主要缺陷之一,在浮法玻璃生产中,除退火以外,其他任何一个小环节的不稳定,都有可能产生气泡。总结气泡规律,利用岩相分析准确快速判断气泡来源,采取措施,尽快提高玻璃产量质量,成为生产过程中的一个重要课题。     

应用电导探针测定鼓泡塔内气泡参数

介绍了一种性能稳定的双头电导探针的制作工艺、测量原理。并用此电导探针测量了一定静液层高的带单个泡罩的鼓泡塔内气液两相流参数,包括局部气含率、界面浓度、当量直径等,并首次回归了局部气含率随空间位置、气体流量变化的关联式。     

原位气泡拉伸法在高聚物中纳米粒子的分散机理及超声振荡研究

探讨了利用原位气泡拉伸法(ISBS法)分散添加在高聚物中的纳米无机添加物的分散机理。ISBS方法可以用来分散添加在高聚物熔体中的固体颗粒团聚体。结果表明：首先ISBS方法是一种有效的原位双向拉伸分散方法；理论计算表明，当气泡膨胀时，在气泡周围可以产生高达10^6s^-1的拉伸速率场，它比传统的挤出设备所能提供的10^3～10^4s^-1的拉伸速率高两个数量级。     

浮法玻璃固定气泡的研究与治理

简述了浮法玻璃中气泡形成的机理和类型,着重对某公司固定气泡形成的位置和原因进行了分析,通过增设池底风机、调整池底风量、更换新矿点、改善对辊破碎方式等措施,可有效解决固定气泡的问题,效果显著。     

湍动浆态床流体力学研究(Ⅳ)带垂直列管束的浆态床流体力学模型与模拟

工业浆态床反应器一般都安装有密集的换热列管,列管束的存在使得速度和气含率的径向分布趋于陡峭,形成“烟囱效应”,目前对此还缺乏合适的流体力学模型进行定量描述.本文提出两点新思路以解决列管束的模拟问题:一是将密集列管束的影响作为体积源项而不是边界条件来考虑,在标准k-ε方程中增加与列管阻力相关的动量源、湍动源、耗散源本构关...