基于行为金融理论的非理性投机泡沫模型

为了从投资者非理性的角度揭示资产泡沫的生成机理,为股市泡沫监管提供更有效的工具,本文在基于行为金融理论的价值函数基础上,对噪音投资者模型进行改进,从利空和利多两个方面考查投资者行为因素的影响,从而构造出新的非理性投资泡沫模型,并利用我国股市数据对模型进行实证研究.结果证明,该模型更切合事实的非理性投机泡沫的发展过程.     

Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field

Bubble collecting, bubble holding and micro-bubble ejecting characteristics of pit structure and the influence of cavitation bubble on the development of erosion pit are investigated by means of high-speed photography experiments. Pits tend to collect and hold wandering cavitation bubbles. The air holding phenomenon of pits can be a destination of the incubation period in the process of cavitation erosion. The holding bubble tends to eject micro-bubbles from the top of holding cavitation bubble, making the pit a source of nuclei. With bubbles being held in pits, the diameters of pits increase rapidly. But in the given experiment condition, there is a specific stable value beyond which the diameter of pits will not increase. This characteristic will be helpful in understanding and predicting the cavitation erosion process. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (Grant No. 2007CB714105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50539060)     

HYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES IN FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED WAXES IN A BUBBLE COLUMN

Gas hold-up and Sauter mean bubble diameter measurements were made in a 0.051 m diameter by 3 m long glass bubble column in the system, nitrogen-molten wax, with three different waxes (paraffin wax FT-300, Sasol's Arge wax and Mobil's reactor wax). Paraffin wax has a tendency to foam and gas hold-up is a strong function of gas distributor type, temperature and start-up procedure, whereas the reactor waxes do not foam and are much less affected by these variables, In experiments at 265°C with a 1.85 mm single hole orifice plate distributor the gas hold-ups were nearly the same for all three waxes. However, significant differences in Sauter mean bubble diameters were obtained in experiments with different waxes; FT-300 wax produced the smallest Sauter mean bubble diameters whereas Mobil's reactor wax produced the largest bubbles. Addition of 1-octadecanol and octadecanoic acid (up to 10wt%) to the FT-300 paraffin wax caused an increase in gas hold-up and a delay in the foam break-up in runs at 265°C with the 1.85 mm orifice plate distributor.     

虚拟手术流血模拟的GPU加速实现

目的 流血效果是虚拟手术模拟器视觉效果的重要组成部分,血流与固体交互的庞大计算量使取得实时的流血模拟效果具有很大的挑战性。提出一种基于图形处理单元(GPU)加速的虚拟手术流血效果模拟方法。方法 该方法以Müller等人提出的光滑粒子动力学(SPH)作为基础,采用温度项使粒子具有不同速度模拟血流形成的血槽,同时基于构建均匀空间网格的思想,利用通用并行计算架构(CUDA)多线程并行加速技术完成粒子控制方程的求解和血流与固体交互的计算,从而取得实时的效果。结果 实验结果表明,本文方法能够满足虚拟手术中切割表面流血和血液在器官中流动的模拟需求,在粒子个数为9000时仅需20 ms,对比于纯CPU的实现取得20.15倍的加速比,实现了大量粒子下的实时流血模拟。 结论 本文方法具有较好的灵活性和实时性的特点,可以应用于虚拟手术仿真系统之中。     

Prediction of dispersed phase holdup in a modified multi‐stage bubble column scrubber

This paper reports on the experimental investigation carried out to evaluate fractional dispersed phase holdup for a gas‐liquid mixture in a modified multi‐stage bubble column (with contraction and expansion disks), which has been conceived, designed and fabricated as a wet scrubber for control of air pollution; in addition it has versatile use as a gas‐liquid contactor in chemical process industries. A correlation developed for predicting fractional dispersed phase holdup has been found to be encouraging and highly significant from statistical analysis.     

复合塔板的流体力学特性(Ⅱ) 操作变量和液体物性对塔板流体力学特性的影响

在前文工作的基础上进一步研究了同时具备大孔径和高开孔率条件的复合塔板 ,研究了操作变量和流体的物理性质对该复合塔板流体力学性能的影响 .结果表明 :液体的密度增加 ,塔板压降增加 ,漏液量增加 ;黏度增加 ,塔板压降降低 ;表面张力减小 ,漏液点速度上升 ,雾沫夹带增大 ,液泛速度下降.     

液相中气泡上升行为与界面传质:实验研究与数值计算

在工业生产过程中，气泡在液相中的上升行为及气液界面的传质行为极为常见。本文针对不同条件下气泡上升过程的实验研究方法以及数值计算方法进行了总结。从实验与数值计算的角度，综述了单气泡上升过程的影响因素、多气泡上升过程聚并与破裂的现象和机理以及工业装置中气液两相流型和气泡特性，并对传质模型进行了归纳，主要关注了气侧-界面传质模型的研究现状。综述结果表明：当前对于单气泡上升行为的研究较为充分，而对于多气泡的行为机理的研究尚需深入。此外，受到研究手段的限制，进行气侧-界面传质模型研究具有一定挑战性。针对当前的相关研究进展和存在的问题，对今后气泡上升行为和传质行为的研究提出以下建议，即开展气泡聚并与破裂可控性研究，强化对气侧-界面传质过程的研究，包括泡内流体行为可视化研究和相关传质模型的建立。     

Trajectory Simulation for Underwater Vehicle with Power-Lunched

The motion of combustion gas bubble produced by underwater ignition was developed based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Combining the bubble motion equation with the underwater launched vehicle motion equation in the longitudinal plane, a trajectory simulation model with power-launched was established. The hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater ignition at different depths and the trajectory analysis of the underwater vehicle with power-launched were given by simulation. The simulation results have a good agreement with experimental results, and show that the thrust peak caused by underwater ignition and the stable thrust both decrease slightly with the increase of the water depth, and the thrust peak will decline obviously by enlarging the initial radius of gas bubble; the thrust peak generated at the instant of ignition and the low-frequency oscillation of the stable thrust have no significant influence on the trajectory of underwater vehicle.     

加热面边界条件对MEB形成过程的影响

为研究加热面周围边界条件对气泡微细化沸腾的影响,结合实验与数值模拟对加热面低于水箱底面0.5 mm以及与之齐平两种条件下加热面上气泡行为和气泡周围流场进行对比分析。实验结果表明,50 K过冷度下,加热面齐平时,会发生旺盛的MEB现象,而对于加热面下沉时,微细化沸腾现象不发生。数值分析表明,加热面下沉时,气泡周围Marangoni对流被减弱,且气泡顶部的冷凝被大幅削减。这使得气泡稳定地在加热面上形成并逐渐长大,无法形成微细化沸腾现象。因此,气膜周围的Marangoni对流和气液界面上的冷凝过程可能是导致微细化沸腾发生的主要原因。     

过冷核态池沸腾汽泡扫荡中表面张力作用分析

针对目前微加热表面汽泡动学研究结果存在分歧现象,对超纯水过冷核态池沸腾过程中微尺度铂金加热丝表面的射流和汽泡扫荡现象进行了数值模拟.结果表明:汽泡的合并和脱离现象可在等温条件下发生,即不考虑表面张力分布不均或热毛细力作用的影响;射流的诱因是热毛细力效应,这与以往的分析结果一致;汽泡扫荡是泡底液层不对称温度场和表面张力分布不均引起的横向热毛细作用的共同结果,模拟结果与相关实验观测吻合.