混凝土裂缝化学灌浆压力模拟与合适压力探讨

在混凝土裂缝灌浆过程中,为了解灌浆压力在裂缝中的分布情况,将混凝土裂缝化学灌浆看作一个流体力学问题来求解。根据流体力学的基本原理,采用目前国际上广泛应用的fluent软件,对灌浆过程中裂缝不同部位的压力分布状况进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在不同灌浆方式和离灌浆口不同距离的条件下,灌浆压力的沿程衰减和压力大小是不同的,据此对合适灌浆压力进行了探讨。该成果可在一定程度上用于指导灌浆施工。     

长江洪水期三峡工程对长江口水动力特性及污水稀释扩散影响的数值模拟研究

运用ECOMSED建立了长江口的水动力模型。潮位和流速的验证结果表明模型能够较好地反应长江口的水动力特性,可以应用于长江口的实际计算。对2010年7月长江发生的大洪水对长江口的水动力特性的影响进行了模拟。模型计算结果表明,由于三峡工程的蓄水作用,使得长江口附近的流速发生明显的减小,对污水的稀释扩散和水环境也会产生一定的影响。上海三个排污口分别排出稀释度为1000的污水时,由于三峡工程的蓄水,上游来水量相应减少,不利于上海排出污水的稀释扩散。     

亭子口水电站跌坎消力池减压模型试验研究

采用1:40减压模型,通过测试流态、水下噪声和脉动压力等水力参数,对亭子口水电站闸墩尾部跌坎式底流消力池的空化空蚀特性进行了研究。成果表明：闸墩尾部区域存在强度为发展阶段的剪切流空化,采用8.00 m高度的跌坎消力池后,消力池底板空蚀破坏的可能性较小;但消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离较小时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性较大;消力池边墙与闸墩内壁侧扩距离增至4.20 m时,边墙空蚀破坏的可能性显著降低。     

赣江尾闾河网地形变化对洪季水动力的影响北大核心CSCD

为探明在新水沙条件和人类活动的影响下赣江尾闾河网地形变化与洪季水动力特征变化的关系,以1998—2020年为研究时段,基于1998、2013、2020年河道地形,分别建立一维河网数学模型,复演赣江98特大洪水,研究不同时期地形变化对洪季水动力特征的影响。结果表明:赣江尾闾河网的整体下切使水位流量关系右移,洪期各支洪峰流量整体增加,相同水位下,外洲站来流增幅超过50%。1998—2020年期间,南支地形下切幅度大于其他各支,地形不均匀下切导致尾闾河网节点分流比改变,整体上主支与南支分流增多、中支与北支分流减少。各支流速变化剧烈,主支下游流速增幅超过1 m/s。本研究可为河道整治规划、堤坝防护和灾害预防提供一些技术参考。     

Utilizing Iron's Attractive Chemical and Magnetic Properties in Microrocket Design,Extended Motion,and Unique Performance

All‐in‐one material for microrocket propulsion featuring acid‐based bubble generation and magnetic guidance is presented. Electrochemically deposited iron serves as both a propellant, toward highly efficient self‐propulsion in acidic environments, and as a magnetic component enabling complete motion control. The new microrockets display longer lifetime and higher propulsion efficiency compared to previously reported active metal zinc‐based microrockets due to the chemical properties of iron and the unique structure of the microrockets. These iron‐based microrockets also demonstrate unique and attractive cargo towing and autonomous release capabilities. The latter is realized upon loss of the magnetic properties due to acid‐driven iron dissolution. More interestingly, these bubble‐propelled microrockets assemble via magnetic interactions into a variety of complex configurations and train structures, which enrich the behavior of micromachines. Modeling of the magnetic forces during the microrocket assembly and cargo capture confirms these unique experimentally observed assembly and cargo‐towing behaviors. These findings provide a new concept of blending propellant and magnetic components into one, toward simplifying the design and fabrication of artificial micro/nanomachines, realizing new functions and capabilities for a variety of future applications.     

三相反应器的气含率与液速分布和数值模拟

研究了一定操作条件下的气液固三相鼓泡床反应器的气含率和液体轴向速度分布,讨论了气、液表观速度对气含率和液体轴向速度分布的影响,比较了三相与两相鼓泡床中气含率和液体轴向速度分布,用拟两相的双流体模型计算了三相鼓泡床中的气含率和液体轴向速度．结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果一致．     

基于Snake模型的铁路铸件气孔检测

研究Snake模型在铁路铸件数字化辐射成像(DR)图像气孔缺陷自动检测中的应用,改进初始轮廓点的获取方法。综合运用阈值分割和区域生长方法得到各气孔的重心,依次对其采用一种射线法得到初始控制点,对初始控制点进行收敛和拟合。对仿真图像的实验结果表明,最小检测尺寸为3×3,能较好地收敛到目标的凹陷区域;对实际铁路铸件DR图像检测的实验结果表明,该方法能准确得到检测区域内多个气孔缺陷的轮廓,不会检测出伪缺陷,具有较高的自动化程度。     

水下气泡幕激光后向散射功率衰减特性实验研究

针对水下气泡幕的激光后向散射功率衰减特性,设计了实验系统,采用不同波长、不同发射功率的激光对不同密度、不同厚度、不同距离的气泡幕进行照射,采用激光功率计对后向散射光功率进行测量,并对数据进行了分析。结果表明：蓝绿光的后向散射特性较好;后向散射光功率与发射光功率及气泡幕厚度呈正比;水下气泡幕的激光后向散射特性与气泡密度、气泡幕距离关系密切。     

Optimal setpoint chasing in dynamic positioning of deep‐water drilling and intervention vessels

Conventional controller designs for dynamic positioning of ships and floating marine structures have so far been based on the principle on automatic positioning in the horizontal‐plane about desired position and heading co‐ordinates defined by the operator. A three degrees‐of‐freedom multivariable controller either of linear or nonlinear type, normally with feedback signals from surge, sway and yaw position and velocities, has been regarded as adequate for the control objective. For floating structures with small waterplane area such as semi‐submersibles, feedback from roll and pitch angular rotation velocity may also be included to avoid thrust‐induced roll and pitch motions that are caused by the hydrodynamic and the geometrical couplings between the horizontal and vertical planes. However, for certain marine operations this control philosophy may not be the most appropriate approach ensuring safety and cost effectiveness. For drilling and work‐over operations the main positioning objective is to minimize the bending stresses along the riser and the riser angle magnitudes at the well head on the subsea structure, and at the top joint as well. A positioning control strategy solely based on manual setting of the desired position co‐ordinates may not be the most optimal solution for these applications. In this paper a new hybrid dynamic positioning controller, that also accounts for riser angle offsets and bending stresses is proposed. It is shown that a significant reduction in riser angle magnitude can be achieved. Simulations with a drilling semi‐submersible demonstrate the effect of the proposed control strategy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Current variability in a wide and open lacustrine embayment in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

Field measurements and numerical simulations were used to determine the effects of dominant meteorological conditions on the hydrodynamics of a wide (aspect ratio ~ 2), relatively deep (seasonally stratified) and open lake embayment (Vidy Bay, Lake Geneva). A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (Delft3D-FLOW) was employed to simulate flow in the lake. High-resolution maps of wind, temperature and humidity (over the lake) were applied as input to drive the model. Because wind was the main force driving flow in the lake, currents in the embayment were investigated systematically for different wind conditions and seasonal stratification. Satisfactory model validation was achieved using drifter and moored measurements within the embayment. Markedly different circulation patterns were measured within the embayment, with the transition from one pattern to another occurring abruptly for small changes in wind direction. These distinct patterns resulted from relatively small changes in the large gyre of Lake Geneva's main basin, especially the angle between the current in front of the embayment and the embayment shoreline. The boundary between the embayment and the pelagic zone was defined by the largest gyre within the embayment. This study shows that, (i) in a large lake, complex current patterns can occur even within a minor embayment, and (ii) that these patterns can transition rapidly over a small range of wind directions. Near-shore gyre can occur for lengthy periods, which has implications for flushing of discharges within the embayment.