Firmness and Cell Wall Characteristics of Pasteurized Jalapeño Pepper Rings Affected by Calcium Chloride and Acetic Acid

Pepper rings packed in brine containing CaCl₂ were firmer, had higher bound calcium, chelator soluble pectin and pectin DE, and less water-soluble pectin (WSP) than peppers packed in brine containing no CaCl₂. Pepper rings packed in low acid brines (1% and 1.2% acetic acid) were firmer and had less WSP than those packed in high acid brine. Those samples (4% acetic acid) resulted in softening and pectin solubilization, but CaCl₂ resulted in less softening. Monosaccharide composition of cell walls was not affected by CaCl₂ or acetic acid. Firmness retention in CaCl₂ treated samples was probably due to greater association between calcium ions and pectic substances, which resisted acid hydrolysis.     

Thermal performance of a packed bed reactor for a high‐temperature chemical heat pump

The thermal performance of a chemical heat pump that uses the reaction system of calcium oxide/lead oxide/carbon dioxide, which is developed for utilization of high‐temperature heat above 800°C, is studied experimentally. The thermal performance of a packed‐bed reactor of a calcium oxide/carbon dioxide reaction system, which stores and transforms a high‐temperature heat source in the heat pump operation, is examined under various heat pump operation conditions. The energy analysis based on the experiment shows that it is possible to utilize high‐temperature heat with this heat pump. This heat pump can store heat above 850°C and then transform it into a heat above 900°C under an approximate atmospheric pressure. An applied system that combines the heat pump and a high‐temperature process is proposed for high‐efficiency heat utilization. The scale of the heat pump in the combined system is estimated from the experimental results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钙基脱硫剂高温分解特性模拟研究

以反应动力学为基础,考虑CO2在产物层中的扩散影响、分解过程中CaO的高温烧结作用及CO2的烧结影响。模拟研究钙基脱硫剂石灰石(CaCO2)在不同的反应温度、气氛及颗粒粒径下的分解特性及生成CaO的比表面积变化情况。     

仓储某型云爆弹失效分析与实验研究

云爆弹是新一代轻型系列武器中的面毁伤武器,采用失效树分析方法,确定了仓储某型云爆弹的失效模式,研究了主要失效因素,并通过试验验证了硝酸异丙酯对推进剂的安定性能和燃烧性能以及对电火工品的影响。发现硝酸异丙酯渗漏后会降低推进剂的储存安定性,影响推进剂的燃烧规律并会溶解溶胀电火工品,导致其失封。     

一种硝酸甲胺制造工序的pH值在线检测方法

通过对水胶炸药生产线硝酸甲胺制造工艺的研究及pH测量原理的分析,设计了一套pH值自动检测装置,研制了一种硝酸甲胺制造工序的pH值在线检测方法,并在生产线上进行验证。结果表明该检测方法模拟人工手动操作方式,简单、安全、准确,可以实现pH值的自动检测。     

季戊四醇四硝酸酯及其结构相似物的爆轰性能和热解机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G*方法研究了季戊四醇的五个结构相似的硝酸酯基（-ONO2）和叠氮基（-N3）衍生物,包括四叠氮基季戊烷（ TAPE）、三叠氮基季戊醇硝酸酯（ PTAN）、二叠氮基季戊二醇二硝酸酯（ PDADN）、叠氮基季戊三醇三硝酸酯（ PATN）和季戊四醇四硝酸酯（ PETN）。优化了分子几何构型。进行了振动分析。估算了密度、生成热、热力学函数、爆轰性能和比冲。计算了可能的热解引发键的键离解能（ EBD ）和氢转移反应的活化能（ Ea ）。结果表明,与PTAN 、PDADN、 PATN和 PETN比较,TAPE的生成热最大,比冲与PETN相当。 PATN的爆轰性能和稳定性与PETN接近,优于其它衍生物,包括PDADN。含-N3的TAPE的热解由氢转移导致-N3热裂解放出N2引发,其Ea 为130．57 kJ· mol-1。含-ONO2的其它衍生物的热裂解均由O-NO2键断裂开始, EBD为130．91～137．45 kJ· mol-1。这些能量值满足高能化合物的稳定性指标要求。     

土壤理化性质对TPH污染土壤氧化修复的影响研究

目的 为探究土壤理化性质对总石油烃(TPH)污染土壤氧化修复效果的影响,进而寻求针对TPH污染土壤的高效氧化体系。方法 选用西南地区紫色土分别配制不同土壤有机质含量、粒径、阳离子交换量的TPH污染土壤,选取CaO₂类芬顿、活化Na₂S₂O₈、CaO₂/Na₂S₂O₈复合氧化体系,以各自最优氧化条件在室温25℃的条件下进行氧化实验,考查土壤理化性质对土壤TPH负载能力及氧化修复效果的影响。结果 在TPH投加量均为15 000 mg/kg的条件下,土壤TPH负载能力与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量呈正相关,与土壤粒径呈负相关,其影响程度为：有机质含量>粒径>阳离子交换量;土壤TPH降解率与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量及粒径皆呈负相关,其影响程度为：粒径>有机质含量>阳离子交换量。结论 在各体系最优氧化条件下,CaO₂/Na₂S₂O...     

高碱值磺酸钙清净剂对变速箱油减摩抗磨性能的影响

研究了3种高碱值磺酸钙清净剂对手动变速箱油减摩抗磨性能的影响,利用HFRR高频往复试验机、SRV摩擦磨损试验机、MPR抗微点蚀试验机以及Automax同步器台架试验机对摩擦因数、磨斑磨痕以及磨损量等进行分析评价。结果表明：3种磺酸钙清净剂均具有减摩抗磨作用;在加入量(w)为1%时,3种清净剂中,钙含量和碱值最高的磺酸钙C对润滑油的减摩抗磨改善效果最佳,摩擦因数、磨痕直径、MPR辊子宽度变化率最小,Automax同步环的轴向磨损量最低。     

含5-氨基四唑硝酸盐(5-ATEZN)推进剂的能量特性

利用最小自由能法,在标准条件(燃烧室压力pc:喷管出口处压力pe=70∶1)下,计算了含5-氨基-四唑硝酸盐(5-ATEZN)推进剂的能量特性。结果表明,5-ATEZN单元推进剂的比冲为2371.38 N·s·kg-1,与黑索今(RDX)及奥克托今(HMX)单元推进剂接近,且5-ATEZN的氧平衡(-10.8%)远高于RDX及HMX。用5-ATEZN取代粘合剂端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂中的高氯酸铵(AP)和RDX时,推进剂比冲和特征速度均降低;而用5-ATEZN取代GAP推进剂中的AP时,推进剂比冲和特征速度随5-ATEZN含量增多呈抛物线形变化,最高比冲可达2580.62 N·s·kg-1,与原配方相比提高17.93 N·s·kg-1。同时由于5-ATEZN不含氯元素,对降低推进剂的特征信号十分有利。因此,用5-ATEZN取代适量AP是实现GAP(聚叠氮缩水甘油醚)推进剂高能化和少烟化的一个可行途径。     

Polymorph Switching of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Polymer‐Controlled Crystallization

Polymer‐controlled crystallization of calcium carbonate crystals in solution by a gas diffusion method has been carried out in the presence of poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PSS‐co‐PNIPAAM), and for the first time all three anhydrous polymorphs, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite could be selectively produced with a single additive. The selective polymorph synthesis can be nicely adjusted simply by concentration variations of polymer and calcium ions in the present reaction system. The simplicity of the system reveals the influence of Ca²⁺ and polymer concentration on the nucleation and crystal growth of CaCO₃ via the balance between thermodynamic and kinetic reaction control. A single mechanistic framework employing particle mediated as well as ion mediated crystallization for polymorph control is proposed.