Nonporous monosize polymeric sorbents: Dye and metal chelate affinity separation of lysozyme

Lysozyme adsorption onto dye‐attached nonporous monosize poly(2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate‐methylmethacrylate) [poly(HEMA‐MMA)] microspheres was investigated. Poly(HEMA‐MMA) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization. The monochloro‐triazine dye, Cibacron Blue F3GA, was immobilized covalently as dye–ligand. These dye‐affinity microspheres were used in the lysozyme adsorption–desorption studies. The effect of initial concentration of lysozyme and medium pH on the adsorption efficiency of dye‐attached and metal‐chelated microspheres were studied in a batch reactor. Effect of Cu(II) chelation on lysozyme adsorption was also studied. The nonspecific adsorption of lysozyme on the poly(HEMA‐MMA) microspheres was 3.6 mg/g. Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment significantly increased the lysozyme adsorption up to 247.8 mg/g. Lysozyme adsorption capacity of the Cu(II) incorporated microspheres (318.9 mg/g) was greater than that of the Cibacron Blue F3GA‐attached microspheres. Significant amount of the adsorbed lysozyme (up to 97%) was desorbed in 1 h in the desorption medium containing 1.0M NaSCN at pH 8.0 and 25 mM EDTA at pH 4.9. In order to examine the effects of separation conditions on possible conformational changes of lysozyme structure, fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed. We conclude that dye‐ and metal‐chelate affinity chromatography with poly(HEMA‐MMA) microspheres can be applied for lysozyme separation without causing any significant changes and denaturation. Repeated adsorption/desorption processes showed that these novel dye‐attached monosize microspheres are suitable for lysozyme adsorption. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 115–124, 2000     

EtOH-H2O对钙基吸收剂分离CO2的影响

采用不同体积浓度的乙醇溶液分别对石灰石和石灰石的煅烧产物CaO进行调质处理,研究它们的碳酸化反应,并与水合调质CaO的碳酸化进行比较。通过SEM和N2吸附法考察吸收剂多次煅烧的微观结构特性,进一步揭示了乙醇溶液促进CaO碳酸化的机理。结果表明：随着循环反应次数的增加,乙醇溶液调质后CaO的碳酸化转化率明显高于石灰石和水合调质的CaO,对于石灰石,乙醇溶液则没有明显的调质效果。CaO经乙醇溶液调质后在650～700℃内有利于碳酸化的进行。乙醇浓度越高,则经调质后CaO的转化率越高,抗烧结性能越好。经乙醇溶液调质的CaO煅烧后比表面积和比孔容均比单纯水合大,远高于煅烧后的石灰石;比孔容分布和孔比表面积分布明显优于煅烧后的水合CaO和石灰石。乙醇溶液调质对CaO的孔有明显的增扩效应。     

添加PEG对钙基烟气脱硫剂结构和性能的影响

针对钙基烟气脱硫剂分散性差、易团聚和比表面积小的缺点,在消化过程中加入不同量的聚乙二醇(PEG600,PEG1500,PEG2000),对消化产物进行改性.结果表明,在搅拌时间30min,水/灰=1.4:1(摩尔比)条件下,PEG600添加量为3%时,消化产物颗粒均匀,平均粒径为9.4μm,比表面积达到21.6m2/g.XRD,SEM和FT-IR测试表明,添加PEG后,石灰消化完全,转化率较高,分散性得到改善,说明PEG对氢氧化钙有一定的包覆作用.     

Hydrophobic Cross-Linked Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Sorbents for Oil Spill Applications

With the increase of industrialization and urbanization, humankind faces massive oil-based pollution due to tanker accidents, human error, and natural disasters. For this, hydrophobic sorbents are fabricated and their applications for the removal of oil from polluted water sources are investigated. These hydrophobic sorbents are prepared by the condensation reaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate cross-linker via bulk polymerization. The obtained sorbents exhibit high oil sorption capacity, fast absorption–desorption kinetics, and great reusability. Moreover, they can selectively absorb oil from the water surface, thus making them practical for water clean-up applications.     

静电纺丝纤维对煤基气体污染物脱除研究进展

煤在气化和燃烧过程中产生的气体污染物和颗粒物会转移到合成气和空气中,从而产生设备腐蚀和环境污染等问题。静电纺丝纤维具有可调控的、超细的直径,多孔的结构,超高的比表面积,可设计的形貌以及易于表面修饰等优点,在气体污染物脱除领域有着巨大的应用价值。介绍了静电纺丝的基本原理和发展现状,综述且简要分析了静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在PMs、CO₂、NO_x、H₂S、SO₂和VOCs等气体污染物脱除方面的应用及研究现状。最后,对电纺纤维在气体污染物脱除领域中更广泛、更深入的应用前景进行了展望。     

粉煤灰制备吸附剂捕集CO2的研究

利用粉煤灰为原料,制备2大类可用于烟气中CO₂捕集的吸附剂。一类是沸石分子筛类吸附剂,利用水热合成法得到A型、X型等沸石分子筛吸附剂。一类是利用粉煤灰制备出适合的多孔载体,使用浸渍法得到固态胺类吸附剂。沸石分子筛对于CO₂主要是物理吸附,吸附容量169~223 mg/g,固态胺吸附剂是利用胺基与CO₂结合介于物理与化学吸附之间,吸附容量108~189 mg/g。实现将粉煤灰以废治废,即可以缓解粉煤灰对环境的影响,也能够实现碳减排,对社会和经济协调发展有利。     

改性钙基吸附剂的汞吸附特性实验研究

利用汞渗透管产生的气态单质汞和其他烟气主要气体成分模拟烟气条件,在固定床实验台上进行了以消石灰、飞灰和由两者混合物改性的3种物质作为吸附剂吸附单质汞的实验研究。实验结果表明,Ca(OH)2吸附Hg0效果较差,SO2的存在对Ca(OH)2吸附Hg0有促进作用;经改性的普通高活性钙基吸附剂对Hg0吸附效果比消石灰稍强,SO2的存在促进了普通高活性钙基吸附剂对Hg0的吸附;有添加剂的高活性钙基吸附剂对Hg0的吸附效率比普通高活性钙基吸附剂增加约30%,当有SO2存在时,有添加剂的高活性钙基吸附剂对Hg0的吸附效率略低,而穿透时间延长。利用改性钙基吸附剂可以实现烟气中SO2和Hg0以相对较低的成本同时脱除。     

燃烧中吸附剂捕集铅的实验研究

使用一维炉实验台对氧化铝、氢氧化钙和高岭土三种吸附剂对铅的捕集进行了实验研究。铅以醋酸铅溶液的形式通过空气雾化引入到液化石油气燃烧区,吸附剂由压缩空气携带从1473K喷入炉内。按照美国EPA标准方法使用Andersen撞击器对颗粒物进行等动量采样,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）测量样品中铅的含量。研究结果表明：亚微米范围的铅未被吸附剂所捕集,仍以PbO或PbCl2颗粒存在,微米范围的铅是被吸附剂捕集形成。高岭土对铅的捕集明显好于氧化铝和氢氧化钙,这是由于高岭土产生的活性位Al2O3•2Si2O与PbO蒸气分子间有较强的化学吸附反应。高岭土给料量为10g/h时大部分铅分布在亚微米范围,给料量为20g/h时铅呈双峰分布,给料量为60g/h时大部分铅被捕集转移到微米范围。氯元素对高岭土捕集铅有很强的抑制作用,这种抑制很可能是因为活性位Al2O3•2Si2O与PbCl2的反应性要大大低于Al2O3•2Si2O与PbO的反应性。     

作为新型CO2吸收剂的乙酸钙循环碳酸化特性

钙基吸收剂的循环煅烧/碳酸化反应是煤燃烧或气化过程中捕获CO2的有效途径。该文采用乙酸溶液调质石灰石的产物乙酸钙作为CO2的新型吸收剂,以解决石灰石经过多次循环煅烧/碳酸化反应后吸收CO2能力急剧衰减的问题。在煅烧/碳酸化反应器上,研究碳酸化温度和煅烧温度对乙酸钙循环碳酸化转化率的影响。结果表明：碳酸化温度在650~700 ℃时乙酸钙能获得很高的碳酸化转化率,经20次循环后转化率仍高达0.5,明显高于石灰石。在高浓度CO2气氛下,在较高的煅烧温度(920~1 050 ℃)时,乙酸钙仍能获得较高的碳酸化转化率。乙酸钙的抗烧结能力较石灰石更强。多次循环后乙酸钙煅烧后的比表面积和孔容均大于煅烧后的石灰石,且孔容分布和孔比表面积分布均优于煅烧后的石灰石。     

弱碱性树脂吸附分离丙酮酸的特性研究

Uptakes of pyruvic acid for two types of commercially available weakly basic polymer sorbents, D301G and D301R, have been measured over a wide pH range and at various salinities of MgSO4. The results show that the overloading adsorption of pyruvic acid occurs on both weakly basic polymer sorbents, and the overloading models can predict the experimental data of uptake very well. The overloading value for D301G is larger than that for D301R. The adsorption isotherm of pyruvic acid for both polymeric sorbents is greatly affected by the solution pH and MgSO4 concentration in the aqueous phase, and a high recovery efficiency of pyruvic acid from aqueous solution can be obtained at the solution pH around 2.