Sorption‐Enhanced Steam Reforming of Ethanol: Thermodynamic Comparison of CO2 Sorbents

A thermodynamic analysis is performed with a Gibbs free energy minimization method to compare the conventional steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) process and sorption‐enhanced SRE (SE‐SRE) with three different sorbents, namely, CaO, Li₂ZrO₃, and hydrotalcite‐like compounds (HTlc). As a result, the use of a CO₂ adsorbent can enhance the hydrogen yield and provide a lower CO content in the product gas at the same time. The best performance of SE‐SRE is found to be at 500 °C with an HTlc sorbent. Nearly 6 moles hydrogen per mole ethanol can be produced, when the CO content in the vent stream is less than 10 ppm, so that the hydrogen produced via SE‐SRE with HTlc sorbents can be directly used for fuel cells. Higher pressures do not favor the overall SE‐SRE process due to lower yielding of hydrogen, although CO₂ adsorption is enhanced.     

Uranium sorption from aqueous solutions using polyacrylamide-based chelating sorbents

ABSTRACT

This article introduces an investigation on the sorption power of two polyacrylamide-based chelating sorbents for uranium ion removal from aqueous solutions. The studied sorption parameters involved pH, contact time, initial uranium concentration, and polymer dosage. The results revealed that a maximum uptake percentage of 65.3 mg/g and 20.1 mg/g for polymers I and II, respectively, could be obtained at pH 4 with 120 min shaking time. Based on isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies, the sorption process of uranium on the chelating polymers is said to follow Langmuir isotherm model with pseudo second-order mechanism and exothermic nature.     

An effective separation and purification of rutin and scoparone from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae by solid-phase extraction cartridges packed with an ionic liquid-based silica

Five types of ionic liquid-based silica were synthesized as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for separation and purification of bioactive compounds, that is, rutin and scoparone extracted from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae. The SilprBImCl material with the highest adsorption capacity was selected as the sorbent for SPE packing. Ethyl acetate and water were found to be suitable washing and eluting solvents, respectively. SilprBImCl was then applied to multi-phase extraction, and its superiority as a sorbent over the commercial cartridge was proven with high rutin and scoparone recoveries of 90.5% and 83.9%, respectively. This highlights the potential of ionic liquid-based silica materials applied to SPE and MPE.     

金属氧化物在烟气脱硫技术中的应用及发展前景

着重介绍了金属氧化物在烟气脱硫技术中的应用及其脱硫机理,以及它在国内外的发展现状.通过研究分析,比较了各种金属氧化物脱硫的优缺点,阐述了金属氧化物脱硫从单一到复合,从简单负载到与纳米技术相结合且联合脱硫脱硝的发展趋势,表明了该方法发展前景无限.     

石灰石煅烧过程中孔隙网络结构的动态可视化数值模拟

文中运用Monte-Carlo（MC）方法,结合石灰石分解时孔隙的形成机理、石灰石分解动力学数学模型和烧结机理,首次采用一种新网格的划分方法,对石灰石煅烧和烧结过程中产物孔隙微观网络的生成及变化进行了模拟,实现了其孔隙网络结构的直观可视化.可视化结果表明：不同状态下的孔隙结构具有一定相似性.利用象素点覆盖法对结构图的分形特性进行分析,证实了文中所提出的模型的可行性.     

钢水钙基脱硫剂的应用探讨

在钢铁市场面临激烈竞争的形势下,用户对产品质量,品种的要求不断提高。深脱硫已经成为提高钢质量、扩大品种和开拓钢材市场的重要手段。针对钢水钙基脱硫剂的文献研究中,并对其学者的文献和观点进行归纳和总结,找出提高钢水快速脱硫的途径。     

S Zorb吸附剂中锌铝尖晶石形成原因的研究

锌铝尖晶石的生成是导致S Zorb吸附剂活性下降和碎化的重要原因之一。采用XRD、原位XRD和²⁷Al MAS-NMR手段研究了S Zorb吸附剂中锌铝尖晶石形成的原因。结果表明,S Zorb吸附剂中不同的铝源与ZnO共存时形成锌铝尖晶石的倾向性有很大差异,含无定型Al₂O₃的铝源与ZnO更容易形成锌铝尖晶石。再生过程中焙烧温度的控制对锌铝尖晶石的形成也有重要的影响,随再生温度的提高,锌铝尖晶石的生成速率加快。     

S Zorb吸附剂再生前后硫分布规律

采用SEM-EDX、XRD等手段研究了不同硅酸锌质量分数的S Zorb吸附剂再生前、后的硫分布规律。结果表明,随着硅酸锌质量分数的增加,S Zorb吸附剂中孔隙量和孔隙大小呈明显增加趋势。不同硅酸锌质量分数的待生剂颗粒中,硫质量分数沿径向均呈均匀分布,硅酸锌质量分数较大的待生剂的硫质量分数明显低于硅酸锌质量分数较小的待生剂。硅酸锌质量分数较小的再生剂颗粒中,硫质量分数的径向分布呈现边缘低中间高的趋势,说明再生过程中,颗粒中的硫化锌的氧化由外向内扩散进行,粒径小的再生剂颗粒因扩散半径小硫分布相对比较均匀。     

重金属废水处理最新进展

详细论述了近年来一些处理重金属废水的新方法,并对各种方法进行了综合评述。这些新方法主要有：廉价吸附剂吸附、胶束增强超滤、络合—超滤耦合过程和电化学法。此外,将络合—超滤和电化学法集成起来处理重金属废水,可实现废水回用和重金属回收,因而具有广阔的应用前景。     

高温抗烧结吸附剂对SeO2捕集性能

使用气固瞬时反应装置在700~1100℃下对不同氧化物（氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化铝、氧化钙）的硒捕集性能进行研究,确定吸附产物性质。基于此选取相应的典型矿物及双组分抗烧结吸附剂改善硒高温吸附能力。结果表明：900℃前氧化钙捕集效果最好,但1100℃时其吸附量迅速降低到167.59μg/g;γ-氧化铝在高温下捕集效果较好,1100℃时吸附量可达415.04μg/g,这与其优异的孔隙结构有关。钙基矿物方解石因其具有一定的抗烧结能力和发达的孔隙结构,表现出更好的高温捕集能力,1100℃时吸附量可提高到1064.97μg/g。双组分吸附剂高温捕集能力展现出不同程度的提高。钙-铝基吸附剂高温捕集性能提高相对较小;而钙-硅基吸附剂在高温下效果远高于单组分吸附剂,与氧化钙相比,1100℃时可提高1787.21μg/g。