The adsorption of PAHs, BTEX, and heavy metals on surfactant-modified desulfurization sorbents in a dry scrubber

The injection of dry Ca-based sorbents for removing acid gases had been investigated previously. However, the utilization of Ca-based sorbents for adsorbing other air pollutants was rarely examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the reduction of organic compounds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and heavy metals by using the desulfurization sorbents in a dry scrubber integrated with a fabric filter. Four surfactants, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate and β-naphthalene sodium sulfonate condensates, were used as additives to modify the surface characteristics of desulfurization sorbent calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). Modifying the desulfurization sorbents with surfactants showed different effects on removal of PAHs, BTEX, and heavy metals, and exploited the potential of Ca-based sorbents for adsorbing air pollutants other than SO₂.     

Removal of sulfide ions from aqueous solutions using carbon- and silicon-containing sorbents

Sulfide ions are among the most common pollutants in natural waters. Sulfide sorption methods are widely used in the waste water treatment practice. The most promising sorbents for removing sulfide ions are porous carbon materials. In the present study we researched sorption capacity of the carbon- and silicon-containing samples of rice and buckwheat processing wastes, as well as the activated carbon, carbon fiber, chitosan and natural silicates toward the sulfide ions in aqueous solutions. It was found that the most effective sorbent from the studied ones is the carbon fiber Aktilen B (99%) and from plant wastes – carbonaceous sorbents obtained from rice straw (77–98%) and buckwheat (94%). We studied the physico-chemical and structural properties of the carbonaceous sorbent based on rice straw and it was found that this sample is amorphous and has a predominant microporous structure. At the concentration of sulfide ions ranging from 140 to 800?µg?l^?1, the studied sorbent reduces the amount of sulfide ions to 0.4–1.4 of the maximum permissible concentration and can be used for treating natural and post-treating waste waters.     

100MW燃煤电厂非碳基吸附剂喷射脱汞实验研究

选取一个100 MW燃煤电厂对氯化铜改性氧化铝和氯化铜改性沸石进行喷射脱汞实验,应用EPA 30B标准方法对静电除尘器(ESP)前后烟气中的汞价态分布进行了采样和测试.研究了吸附剂喷射量对烟气中汞脱除率的影响.现场测试的汞平衡结果为77.1%～111.5%.经修正的汞平衡结果表明,吸附剂喷射量越大,脱汞率越高.改性氧化铝的脱汞率最高可达30.6%,改性沸石的脱汞率最高可达29.2%.喷射非碳基吸附剂后烟气中元素汞(Hg⁰)显著下降,在喷射量为0.22 g·m^-3时,两种吸附剂可将烟气中Hg⁰比例由40%降低至22%左右,减少的Hg⁰主要转化为Hg^P.非碳基吸附剂与湿法脱硫(WFGD)系统协同使用可以有效减少Hg⁰向大气中的排放.     

气固钙基脱硫反应的钙平衡分析方法

基于脱硫剂反应前后钙元素总量守恒的原理,提出了一个分析钙基气固脱硫反应的新方法-钙平衡法。与纯粹从气相一侧分析脱硫过程相比,钙平衡法不但可以确定脱硫系统的效率,脱硫剂的利用率,还可以确定产物的类型,并指出不同位置脱硫产物的再利用价值的差异。对循环流化床中温钙基脱硫的具体工况物料分析结果表明,脱硫产物以硫酸钙为主,亚硫酸钙所占比例很小,伴生一定量的碳酸钙,脱硫剂的转化率与气相一侧测量值的换算转化率一致。     

金属氧化物掺杂对钙基吸附剂吸附CO_2性能的影响

化石燃料火电厂排放的CO2约占全球CO2总排放量的1/3,采用化学吸附法直接脱除高温烟气中的CO2既可以减少系统的能量损失又可以保护环境。文中采用机械混合法制备金属氧化物掺杂的钙基吸附剂,并以静吸附量和CO2吸附率为评价指标,气相色谱为检测手段,在自制吸附剂评价装置上,研究不同金属氧化物的掺杂对钙基吸附剂吸附性性能的影响。实验表明,掺杂金属氧化物对钙基吸附剂的吸附性能有一定影响,其中质量分数为1%的Li2CO3掺杂的钙基吸附剂的静吸附容量与钙基吸附剂的理论吸附量比较接近,并且优于其他金属氧化物掺杂的钙基吸附剂。     

Spongy Graphene as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Sorbent for Oils and Organic Solvents

In this work, spongy graphene (SG), a shape‐mouldable and nanoporous material with a high specific surface area used as a versatile and recyclable sorbent material, is proposed and studied. SG shows highly efficient absorption of not only petroleum products and fats, but also toxic solvents such as toluene and chloroform (up to 86 times of its own weight), requiring no further pretreatment, which is tens of times higher than that of conventional absorbers. Moreover, SG can be regenerated (>10 times) by heat treatment, yielding the full release of adsorbates (>99%). The present work suggests SG a widespread potential for applications in industry as well as topics regarding environmental protection.     

粉煤灰改性脱汞实验研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,加入工业石灰,采用消化方法制备了改性吸收剂,并分别加入M,N,P,S添加剂使之成为“富氧型”改性吸收剂.利用固定床实验装置研究了改性后吸收剂的脱汞性能,实验表明改性后的M和N型吸收剂具有较好脱汞性能,其中M更为理想,当温度达到100℃,脱汞效率可以达到56％.与未加入添加剂的吸收剂相比,M型吸收剂在...     

重金属废水处理最新进展

详细论述了近年来一些处理重金属废水的新方法,并对各种方法进行了综合评述。这些新方法主要有：廉价吸附剂吸附、胶束增强超滤、络合—超滤耦合过程和电化学法。此外,将络合—超滤和电化学法集成起来处理重金属废水,可实现废水回用和重金属回收,因而具有广阔的应用前景。