光学动态伪装技术研究

本文针对精确制导武器对我军事目标的重大威胁以及传统伪装器材的不足等问题,提出了通过动态改变目标表面的反射特性和发射特性来改变目标光学图像特征和躲避精确制导武器探测和跟踪的技术思路。阐述了光学动态伪装的设想,介绍了红外、可见光的动态伪装技术,并得出了光学动态伪装将成为隐身伪装的重要方面的结论。     

Visual contrast modulates maturation of camouflage body patterning in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis).

Camouflage is the primary defense behavior in cephalopods. It is known that cuttlefish immediately after hatching are capable of showing various body patterns for concealing themselves, however recent studies suggest that maturation of camouflage body patterns is faster for cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) reared in enriched environments than those reared in impoverished environments. Since camouflage patterning in cephalopods is predominately visually driven, this study specifically investigates effects of the rearing background contrast on the maturation of body patterns in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis). Newly hatched animals were separated into two cohorts, one reared in a uniform-gray background (low-contrast, or L group) and the other raised in a black/white checkerboard background (high-contrast, or H group). At Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, cuttlefish were placed individually either on uniform or checkerboard substrates to examine their body patterns. Animals from both L and H groups appear to show moderate disruptive patterns on the checkerboard and less disruptive on the uniform background at Week 2. Throughout development, however, cuttlefish from the H group showed stronger disruptive patterns than that of the L group on the checkerboard background at Weeks 10 and 12. In interesting findings, cuttlefish from both L and H groups showed similar strength but different disruptive components on the uniform background in later postembryonic stages. These results suggest that the maturation of camouflage body patterns in S. pharaonis is at least in part affected by visual contrast of their rearing backgrounds, although environmental complexity or social interaction is also likely to be involved in this process. This also implies that early visual experience could exert its effect on the seemingly preprogrammed behaviors such as camouflage body patterning in cephalopods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

阻燃型伪装降温发泡材料技术研究

系统研究了伪装发泡材料的配方技术及其阻燃性能，结果显示伪装颜色在可见光波段与绿色植物相吻合，黄土色和深绿色光谱反射率符合伪装技术要求；加黑色或白色颜料能改变体系的亮度和饱和度，而且把黑色颜料加到黄色颜料中，体系色调有变绿的趋势；将伪装颜料与复合阻燃剂配合使用均匀发泡，可获得阻燃性能良好的伪装发泡材料．     

电热膜材料的伪装应用

大部分军事目标在白天的温度高于背景，而在晚上温度却又低于背景。如何影响目标背景的温度是红外伪装的研究内容。分析了电热膜在红外伪装技术中的应用。为此分析和制备了多种电热膜材料样品，目的在于研究利用电热膜材料形成灰度可控的热图的可行性。首先测量了电热膜的热特性，包括膜表面温度与膜电阻及加热功率的关系。在此基础上，分析了基于功率控制所能实现的电热膜温度控制精度，以及基于膜电阻分布控制所能实现的膜内温度分布的空间尺度。结果表明，电热膜材料能够实现的热图的空间分辨率和温度分辨率能够满足红外伪装的要求。为进一步证实电热膜的伪装应用能力，依据特定的热图灰度等级分布情况，设计了具有特定电阻分布的电热膜样品，对这些样品进行的控温实验表明，特定电阻分布的电热膜可以很方便地形成特定的热图。这一结果明确说明了电热膜用于示假伪装的可行性。     

基于纹理合成与最佳缝合线的不同平面数码迷彩拼接方法

数码迷彩图案喷涂至实际伪装目标的表面上时,不同平面之间的衔接部分容易出现颜色过渡不连续的现象,在视觉上形成显著的接缝,进而影响目标伪装效果。针对该问题提出了一种结合纹理合成与最佳缝合线的数码迷彩拼接算法。运用纹理合成技术生成过渡自然的扩展图案,以此构造待拼接图案的伪重叠区域;在该区域内搜索一条最佳缝合线,将待拼接图案沿着缝合线裁剪并拼接在一起,从而实现了数码迷彩图案的无缝拼接。试验结果表明,提出的算法可以有效地消除数码迷彩拼接时带来的显著缝隙,使得拼接处的图案过渡更为自然,达到更好的伪装效果。     

半导体颜料在伪装涂料中的应用研究

采用共沉淀法制备ATO和CdZnS半导体颜料,比较了制备出的半导体颜料与常见的单组分颜料涂层红外发射率大小。通过颜色混合规律将半导体颜料与着色颜料混合制备了绿色伪装涂料,制备出来的涂层具有较低的红外发射率,并且其光谱反射曲线满足美军标的光谱通道要求,具有较好的应用前景。     

ATO半导体颜料在伪装涂料中的应用研究

以SnCl4、SbC13、NaOH等为原料,采用共沉淀法制备ATO半导体颜料,采用XRD、SEM、EDS对颜料结构、成分、形貌进行表征,比较了ATO半导体颜料与常见的单组分颜料涂层红外发射率大小。通过颜色混合规律将ATO半导体颜料与着色颜料混合制备了绿色伪装涂料,制备的涂层具有较低的红外发射率,并且其光谱反射曲线满足美军标的光谱通道要求,具有较好的应用前景。     

舰船迷彩伪装涂料现状

简述了舰船迷彩伪装涂料的现状和发展方向。指出目前国内外应用最多的是防近红外侦查的变形迷彩涂料,未来的发展方向是多波段兼容隐身材料技术和隐身结构技术的研究。     

基于图像分析的光学伪装效果评价方法研究

传统的伪装评价方法受到很多条件的限制,需要客观定量反映伪装效果的评价方法.基于量化颜色直方图对伪装方案与实际背景的颜色相似度进行定量评价,利用灰度共生矩阵和小波变换方法计算伪装与背景的纹理相似度.该评价方法不仅能表示伪装与背景的颜色和纹理相似程度,还能反映不同观察距离上伪装与背景的纹理相似度.     

Simultaneous tuning of the phase transition temperature and infrared optical properties of Mo-doped VO2 powders for intelligent infrared stealth materials

The development of an intelligent infrared camouflage material whose infrared emissivity can actively adapt to environmental changes is a key frontier in the field of infrared stealth. In this study, Mo-doped VO₂ powder was prepared via a hydrothermal method, which led to an intelligent infrared camouflage material whose infrared radiation characteristic can adaptively change with the environmental temperature. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, DSC, FTIR and infrared thermal imaging. Combined with the results of the first-principles calculation, the coupling effect mechanism of Mo⁶⁺ doping concentration on the phase transition temperature and infrared photoelectric properties of VO₂ material was systematically analyzed. The results showed that Mo⁶⁺ impurities had significant effects on the structure, morphology, composition, phase transition temperature and infrared reflectivity of VO₂ powder. The doping process effectively reduced the phase transition temperature of VO₂ and expanded the change range of infrared emissivity (△ε) before and after the metal-to-insulator (MIT) transition. With the increasing amount of Mo⁶⁺ doping, the infrared reflectance of VO₂(M) gradually decreased at low temperatures, while the infrared reflectance of VO₂(R) increased at high temperatures. The MIT transition temperature of Mo-doped VO₂ versus undoped VO₂ reduced to 31.5 °C, and the △ε increased by 153%, this is expected to meet the performance requirements of intelligent infrared stealth materials.