DMSO法PAN原丝湿法纺丝工艺研究

通过实验对二甲基亚砜（DMSO）法聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝的纤维凝固成形、水洗、牵伸、干燥定型条等湿法纺丝工艺对纤维性能的影响进行了研究,实验结果表明：增大喷丝板孔径,有利于提高原丝的取向度和干燥收缩率;调节凝固浴质量分数和温度,可生产出综合性能较好的原丝;提高水洗温度有利于制得性能好的原丝;热水、沸水和蒸汽3级牵伸工艺...     

Mining the cinnabaramide biosynthetic pathway to generate novel proteasome inhibitors

The cinnabaramides and salinosporamides are mixed PKS/NRPS natural products isolated from a terrestrial streptomycete and a marine actinomycete, respectively. They interfere with the proteasome and thus potentially inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The compounds exhibit a γ-lactam-β-lactone bicyclic ring structure attached to a cyclohexenyl unit and a PKS side chain. As a first step towards improving anticancer activity and permitting genetic approaches to novel analogues, we have cloned and characterized the cinnabaramide biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces sp. JS360. In addition to the expected PKS and NRPS genes, the cluster encodes functionalities for the assembly of the hexyl side chain precursor. The corresponding enzymes exhibit relaxed substrate specificities towards a number of synthesized precursors, enabling production of novel chlorinated cinnabaramides. These were isolated and analyzed for activity, revealing that derivatives bearing a chlorine atom in the PKS side chain show higher inhibitory potentials towards the proteasome's proteolytic subunits (especially the trypsin and chymotrypsin units) and higher cytotoxicities towards human tumor cell lines than the parent cinnabaramide A. Although their activities towards the proteasome were weaker than that of salinosporamide A, the cinnabaramides were found to inhibit the growth of various fungi with greater potency.     

Effects of various barium precursors and promoters on catalytic activity of Ba-Ti perovskite catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane

The influences of barium precursor and promoter type on the catalytic performance of perovskite catalysts in OCM reaction were studied. Catalysts (BaTiPO₃, P: promoter) were prepared by carbonate, hydroxide and propionate precursors of barium and SnCl₂ and CeO₂ as promoters by sol-gel method, tested in a fixed-bed microreactor and characterized by XRD, BET, CO₂-TPD, FT-IR and UV-Visible analysis. The experiment results showed that based on the extent of effect upon catalyst efficiency, the barium anions can be ranked as; propionate > carbonate > hydroxide, and the CeO₂ promoted catalysts were more active than the SnCl₂ promoted ones. The characterization results showed that the substitution of metal precursors caused formation of different phases with different particle sizes, influenced the basicity of the catalysts, resulted in the appearance of the peaks corresponding to different groups in IR spectroscopy, and shifted the absorption peaks in UV-Visible spectra. These results suggested that OCM reaction over perovskite catalysts is structure sensitive and depended on the type of used precursor and promoter.     

凝固浴对PAN原丝性能的影响

在生产聚丙烯腈(PAN)炭纤维过程中,纺丝期间凝固浴的各种条件对纤维的成型和性能起着关键作用。本文介绍PAN高聚物在湿法一步法纺丝过程中二甲基亚砜(DMSO)凝固浴各种成型工艺条件对PAN原丝的结构、机械和物理性能的影响。     

高性能聚丙烯腈基碳纤维工程化研制及应用进展

概述了西安康本材料公司高性能聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维工程化研制及应用进展情况。结果表明：在碳纤维方面,该公司在国产碳纤维原丝制造技术及碳纤维韧性提高方面都具有专有技术和独到之处;碳纤维主要性能指标达到了T300级水平,实现了1k和3k军工用小丝束碳纤维的连续稳定化生产和批量供货。在碳纤维复合材料应用方面,采用该公司碳...     

B位前躯体法制备PZT/ZrO2纳米复相压电陶瓷的力学性能研究

采用改进的聚合物法制备B位前驱体PZT/ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷.采用TEM观察到马氏体相变和热失配产生的应力条纹和应力斑,发现ZrO2粒子截断电畴和使电畴弯曲的现象.应力场有效吸收裂纹扩展能量,加之ZrO2粒子强化基体晶界,PZT/ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷得到了强韧化.SEM分析显示陶瓷断裂模式随ZrO2加入向穿晶断裂模式转变.抗弯强度和断裂韧性随Zr2加入量增加明显提高,可达141.6 MPa和2.3 MPa·m1/2.     

Effects of hydrolysis of precursor on the structures and properties of polymer-derived SiBN ceramic fibers

In this paper, polyborosilazane precursor was synthesied from HMDZ, HSiCl₃, BCl₃ and CH₃NH₂ using a multistep method. By controlling the storage conditions, parts of the polyborosilazane fibers were hydrolyzed. FT-IR, NMR, XRD, TEM and monofilament tensile strength test were employed to study the effects of hydrolysis of precursor on the structures and properties of polymer-derived SiBN ceramic fibers. FT-IR and NMR results indicate that Si-N group in PBSZ reacts with H₂O to form Si-O-Si group. After pyrolysis reaction at 1400℃, Si-O-Si group will finally transformed into highly ordered cristobalite and β-quartz, resulting in formation of the wrinkled surface of the obtained SiBN ceramic fiber. The strip-like defects on fiber surface, according to monofilament tensile strength test, had a significant effect on mechanical property of the obtained SiBN ceramic fiber and caused no increase in fiber tensile strength of hydrolytic polyborosilazane fiber before and after pyrolytic process.     

Synthesis of highly efficient,structurally improved Li4SiO4 sorbents for high-temperature CO2 capture

Li₄SiO₄ sorbents for high-temperature CO₂ removal have drawn extensive attention owing to their potential application in carbon capture and storage (CCS). The major challenge in the application lies in the poor CO₂ capture performance under realistic conditions of low CO₂ concentrations, owing to the dense structure and poor porosity. In this work, Li₄SiO₄ sorbents were prepared with porous micromorphologies and large contact areas using a variety of organometallic Li-precursors, achieving fast CO₂ sorption kinetics, high capacity and excellent cyclic stability at a low CO₂ concentration (15?vol%). It was found that a high conversion of ~?74% was maintained for pure Li₄SiO₄ even after 100 sorption/desorption cycles. Moreover, by doping with Na₂CO₃ to reduce the CO₂ diffusion resistance, the conversion of the sorbent was further enhanced to 93.2%. The enhancement mechanism of alkali carbonate have been proven here to be ascribed to the formation of the eutectic melt of Li/Na carbonates, the existence and function of which has been confirmed in this study.     

ODPA-ODA型聚醚酰亚胺膜的预氧化机理

为了开发新型高性能炭膜前驱体材料,研究了ODPA-ODA型聚醚酰亚胺膜经430~530℃空气氛围的预氧化机理.借助热重分析、红外光谱、元素分析及x-射线衍射等手段,分析了预氧化温度对预氧化膜的溶解度、柔韧度、表面官能团、元素质量分数及微观结构的影响.结果表明:优化预氧化过程是制备无缺陷高质量炭膜的关键.预氧化可提高热稳定性,形成的交联结构有利于提高残炭量和成膜性.随预处理温度的提高,交联程度提高,但当温度高于490℃时会发生过渡氧化.     

水合三氯乙醛前体物的分子量分布和荧光特性

运用超滤分离技术将水合三氯乙醛前体物含量最高的夏季水样中溶解性有机物分为四个部分,采用三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱对不同分子量有机物组分进行表征,并对20种氨基酸、牛血清白蛋白等模式化合物进行氯化试验,以找出水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物成分。结果表明MW＜1 kDa的水合三氯乙醛生成势含量最高,为24．81μg/L,其次为10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm （17．49μg/L）、3 kDa＜MW＜10 kDa （8．16μg/L）和1 kDa＜MW＜3 kDa （5．50μg/L）,其中MW＜1 kDa和10 kDa＜MW＜0．45μm两部分有机物占水合三氯乙醛前体物含量的75．55％。三维激发发射矩阵荧光光谱结果表明水合三氯乙醛的主要前体物可能为类芳香性蛋白质和类微生物代谢产物等物质而非类富里酸和类腐殖酸。丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、牛血清白蛋白、鲱鱼精DNA等模式化合物是水合三氯乙醛主要前体物,其水合三氯乙醛生成量均大于30μg/mg C。