Review of Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma, and Dissociation.

Review of book: Philip Bromberg. Standing in the Spaces: Essays on Clinical Process, Trauma, and Dissociation. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1998, 365 pp. Reviewed by Peter Kaufmann. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The link between childhood trauma and mental illness.

Reviews the book, The link between childhood trauma and mental illness by Barbara Everett and Ruth Gallop (see record 2000-16130-000). This is a very useful book, particularly for novice practitioners and front-line workers who may not have had a supervised experience dealing with abused individuals. The authors set out to provide a practical guide to the care of individuals who have experienced abuse (both sexual and physical) as children, and who present themselves as adults to mental health practitioners, in particular to those who are not practicing in specialized trauma clinics. I believe they have succeeded in their goal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Holographic reprocessing: Empirical evidence to reduce posttraumatic cognitions in women veterans with PTSD from sexual trauma and abuse.

Holographic reprocessing (HR) facilitates holistic reappraisal of attributions regarding interpersonal violence and maltreatment. The authors tested the feasibility to train therapists to run a protocol using HR to reduce negative thoughts associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women veterans who have had sexual trauma or abuse. The study assessed pre- and postscores on the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in a naturalistic clinical setting with 5 therapists. The protocol consisted of screening for PTSD, followed by an average of 9 HR treatment sessions. Twenty-two women were referred to the study; 17 enrolled and completed treatment (0% dropout rate). Significant decreases were found on all scales of the PTCI, with large effect sizes: total negative thoughts, t(16) = 4.42, p     

Research participants telling the truth about their lives: The ethics of asking and not asking about abuse.

Most discussions of the ethics of self-report research on abuse and interpersonal violence focus on the risks of asking participants about their experiences. An important element of the cost-benefit analysis--the costs of not asking about child abuse--has largely been ignored. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the costs and benefits of child abuse research, leaving researchers to make decisions based on individual beliefs about such issues as the prevalence of abuse, the likelihood of disclosure, the effects of child abuse, and the ability of abuse survivors to give informed consent. The authors suggest that these beliefs tend to overemphasize survivors' vulnerability and ignore the costs of avoiding asking about abuse. In fact, these beliefs may reinforce societal avoidance of abuse and ultimately harm abuse survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Doublecortin May Play a Role in Defining Chondrocyte Phenotype

Embryonic development of articular cartilage has not been well understood and the role of doublecortin (DCX) in determination of chondrocyte phenotype is unknown. Here, we use a DCX promoter-driven eGFP reporter mouse model to study the dynamic gene expression profiles in mouse embryonic handplates at E12.5 to E13.5 when the condensed mesenchymal cells differentiate into either endochondral chondrocytes or joint interzone cells. Illumina microarray analysis identified a variety of genes that were expressed differentially in the different regions of mouse handplate. The unique expression patterns of many genes were revealed. Cytl1 and 3110032G18RIK were highly expressed in the proximal region of E12.5 handplate and the carpal region of E13.5 handplate, whereas Olfr538, Kctd15, and Cited1 were highly expressed in the distal region of E12.5 and the metacarpal region of E13.5 handplates. There was an increasing gradient of Hrc expression in the proximal to distal direction in E13.5 handplate. Furthermore, when human DCX protein was expressed in human adipose stem cells, collagen II was decreased while aggrecan, matrilin 2, and GDF5 were increased during the 14-day pellet culture. These findings suggest that DCX may play a role in defining chondrocyte phenotype.     

PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羟基磷灰石(HA)为原料,利用铸造干燥法与冷冻解冻法制备双层仿生软骨,并进行力学性能测试。结果表明:PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶力学性能优于PVA/HA复合水凝胶。利用铸造干燥法,PVA与HA间的交联结合将更加完善,力学性能得到提升。最优的PVA/HA复合双层水凝胶是采用铸造干燥法用PVA浓度为12%的溶液所制备出的双层水凝胶,其压缩弹性模量为(1.29±0.025)MPa,900s时应力松弛达到(60.14±0.64)%,最大形变和永久形变为(246.3±3.05)μm和(69.8±2.96)μm。     

创伤骨科与关节外科钛合金植入材料研究进展

骨科是应用钛合金材料数量最多的学科。不同解剖部位和疾病对钛合金的要求不同。为满足创伤骨科与关节外科的不同需要,国内外研制了不同组分与结构的钛合金材料。本文从生物安全性、关节外科领域与创伤骨科领域三个方面对近年来国内外钛合金材料的研究进展进行了综述,认为需要加强医工结合,根据临床的实际需求研制相应的钛合金材料是未来的发展方向。     

Protective Effects of a Hyaluronan-Binding Peptide (P15-1) on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Inflammatory Environment

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various sources, including bone marrow, have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of tissue repair/regeneration, including the repair of cartilage defects or lesions. Often the highly inflammatory environment after injury or during diseases, however, greatly diminishes the therapeutic and reparative effectiveness of MSCs. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that can protect MSCs against an inflammatory environment may enhance the effectiveness of these cells in repairing tissues, such as articular cartilage. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide (P15-1) that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, protects bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that P15-1 reduced the mRNA levels of catabolic and inflammatory markers in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human BMSCs. In addition, P15-1 enhanced the attachment of BMSCs to HA-coated tissue culture dishes and stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of the multipotential murine C3H/10T1/2 MSC line in a micromass culture. In conclusion, our findings suggest that P15-1 may increase the capacity of BMSCs to repair cartilage via the protection of these cells in an inflammatory environment and the stimulation of their attachment to an HA-containing matrix and chondrogenic differentiation.     

杂交鲟肌肉与软骨的营养成分分析及品质评价

运用生物化学方法对人工养殖杂交鲟(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟♂)肌肉和软骨(头骨、脊骨)的营养成分进行测定和分析。杂交鲟肌肉中一般营养成分含量较常见的经济型淡水鱼类略高;肌肉蛋白质中必需氨基酸指数为76.89,其构成比例符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的70.5%;矿质元素中钙磷比为8.8,锌、铜、铁三种微量元素的比例较合理。杂交鲟脊骨中粗蛋白和总糖占干重的比例与鲨鱼软骨相近,脊骨和头骨蛋白质的氨基酸及脂肪酸组成基本一致。软骨中还含有丰富的对人体有益的矿物质元素。以上结果表明,杂交鲟肌肉具有较高的营养价值,并且软骨在一般营养成分方面具有媲美鲨鱼软骨的特点,因此杂交鲟肌肉和软骨均可作为优质的水产食品加工原料。      

MCL缺损对多屈曲角胫股关节力学特性影响

该文通过SONATA MAESTRO 1.5T采集0°/25°/60°/80°四个屈曲角下的正常膝关节的MRI图像,构建四个屈曲角位姿的正常/内侧副韧带缺损的整体胫股关节3D 模型,通过对这八组模型施加不同的外翻力矩进行有限元仿真,来分析内侧副韧带缺损时关节软组织及韧带的力学特性。仿真结果表明:1) 膝关节外翻时,内侧副韧带缺损会引起交叉韧带的张力显著增大,前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带替代了内侧副韧带的外翻限制作用,成为抵抗外翻的主要稳定结构,其中前交叉韧带相比后交叉韧带能提供更大的外翻阻力。随着屈曲角度的增加,交叉韧带抵抗外翻的负荷均显著增大。在高屈曲角位姿时,交叉韧带尤其是前交叉韧带,极易伴随内侧副韧带断裂而产生联合损伤;2) 内侧副韧带缺损降低了膝关节的直向稳定性,特别对股骨内侧髁与内侧胫骨关节面的直向稳定性的损失最为 明显。膝关节的外侧关节软骨和半月板在外翻时比正常关节承受更高的负荷,同时外侧半月板传递力的能力明显下降;3) 内侧副韧带损伤后,股骨软骨在小屈曲角位姿(25°屈曲角)等效应力值变化最大,而胫骨软骨和半月板在小屈曲角位姿(25°屈曲角)和高屈曲角位姿(80°屈曲角)最大等效应力值变化最为明显,外翻时最大等效应力变化最大的屈曲角位姿将更易导致关节软骨与韧带损伤。