Solvent extraction of oil from soybean flour II— pilot plant and two-solvent extractions

The process of grinding soybeans to a fine flour and extracting the flour with hexane was studied on a pilot plant scale. The crude oil from the pilot plant study had 15 ppm phosphorus and was suitable for physical refining after a light acid pretreatment and bleaching. The refined oil showed a Lovibond color of 1.4 yellow and 0.3 red. The pilot plant study also showed that grinding of the soybeans and the separation of solid from miscella were the most difficult steps in solvent extraction with fine flour. A laboratory study on separation of miscella from meal by aqueous ethanol reduced the hold-up volume, but it did not remove all the miscella. A test with betacarotene showed that only the miscella outside the flour particles was displaced. Aqueous ethanol solutions used as a second solvent extracted additional nontriglyceride materials (primarily phospholipids) from the meal. Also, the free fatty acid content of the oil was increased with aqueous ethanol solution wash. The quality of the extracted crude oil was lowered by using a second solvent, but it had the advantage of needing only one centrifugation to separate miscella from meal.     

Continual conversion of free fatty acid in rice bran oil to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase

Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol (TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil. Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16, 1990.     

Estimation of heat of combustion of triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters

Equations were developed for the estimation of gross heat of combustion (HG) of triglycerides (TGs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from their saponification number (SN) and iodine value (IV). HG of TG=1,896,000/SN − 0.6 IV — 1600 and HG of FAME=618,000/SN − 0.08 IV — 430. When these equations were tested on cottonseed oil, soybean oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sunflower oil methyl esters, soybean oil methyl esters and cottonseed oil methyl esters, predicted HG values agreed well with those reported in the literature.     

Oil monitoring methods based on information theory

To evaluate the wear condition of machines accurately,oil spectrographic entropy,mutual information and ICA analysis methods based on information theory are presented. A full-scale diagnosis utilizing all channels of spectrographic analysis can be obtained. By measuring the complexity and correlativity,the characteristics of wear condition of machines can be shown clearly. The diagnostic quality is improved. The analysis processes of these monitoring methods are given through the explanation of examples. The availability of these methods is validated and further research fields are demonstrated.     

加氢降凝组合工艺技术

抚顺石油化工研究院开发的生产低凝清洁柴油加氢降凝组合工艺,集加氢精制与临氢降凝工艺技术优点于一体,具有工艺流程简单、精制及降凝效果好、柴油收率高、原料适应能力强、产品方案灵活等特点,已在哈尔滨等炼油厂得到工业应用.     

In situ esterification of rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol

In situ esterifications of high-acidity rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst were investigated. In the esterification with methanol, all free fatty acids (FFA) dissolved in methanol were interesterified within 15 min, and it was possible to obtain nearly pure methyl esters. The amount of methyl esters obtained from a given rice bran was dependent on the FFA content of the rice bran oil. In the esterification with ethanol, it was not possible to obtain pure esters as in methanol esterification, because the solubilities of oil components in ethanol were much higher than those in methanol.     

CJ91胶粘剂在螺旋振动光整机中的应用

螺旋振动光整机槽内壁的橡皮保护层由于老化及磨损等原因出现裂口甚至脱落现象，严重影响设备的使用寿命和闸把壳体的外观质量。通过分析和试验筛选出螺旋振动光整机的理想胶粘荆——CJ91胶粘剂并介绍了粘接修补工艺。     

Effects of silicone oil and polymeric modifiers on the mechanical properties of highly filled LLDPE

The effects of coupling agents, silicone oil, and three types of polymeric modifiers on the mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites highly filled with aluminium hydroxide [Al(OH)₃] were studied. Polymeric modifiers that contain polar groups, such as silane‐grafted polyethylene (Si‐g‐PE) and acrylic‐acid‐grafted ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (AA‐g‐EVA), improve the mechanical properties dramatically, while nonpolar modifiers improve them to some extent. When Al(OH)₃ was treated using a titanate coupling agent, the silicone oil increased the impact strength and elongation at break of the LLDPE/Al(OH)₃ composites. Introduction of a polymeric modifier containing polar groups destroys the beneficial effects of silicone oil on film mechanical properties, while the introduction of a nonpolar elastomeric polymeric modifier retains the high impact strength and elongation at break. SEM analyses provide the indirect evidence of the encapsulation of silicone oil around the filler. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 121–128, 2002     

Factors influencing magnetic polymer microspheres prepared by dispersion polymerization

Magnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) was prepared by a coprecipitation method. Core–shell composite magnetic polymer microspheres with carboxyl groups were synthesized by the dispersion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in the presence of magnetic oxide, and dibenzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. The synthesized magnetic polymer microspheres were characterized with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and so forth. The results indicated that the product was single‐phase Fe₃O₄, and its average size was about 10 nm. The configuration of the microspheres, which contained carboxyl groups, was spherical, and the average size was about 2 μm. The results of vibrating sample magnetometry tests showed that the magnetic powders produced by different surfactants had different saturation magnetizations. When poly(ethylene glycol) with a weight‐average molecular weight of 4000 was used as a surfactant, the saturation magnetization of the samples reached 69.2 emu/g. The factors that affected the shape, magnetism, size, and distribution of the microspheres were also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

液压系统进、旁油路联合调速回路分析

在定量液压泵供油的系统中给出进、旁油路联合调速的回路,通过对2种进、旁油路联合调速的定量分析,推导出理论计算依据,得出这2种进、旁油路联合调速的调速特点。