Prediction of the energy dissipation rate in ductile crack propagation

In this paper, energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa curves in ductile fracture are predicted using a ‘conversion’ between loads, load‐point displacements and crack lengths predicted by NLEFM and those found in real ELPL propagation. The NLEFM/ELPL link was recently discovered for the DCB testpiece, and we believe it applies to other cracked geometries. The predictions for D agree with experimental results. The model permits a crack tip toughness R(Δa) which rises from J_c and saturates out when (if) steady state propagation is reached after a transient stage in which all tunnelling, crack tip necking and shear lip formation is established. J_R is always greater than the crack tip R(Δa) and continues to rise even after R(Δa) levels off. The analysis is capable of predicting the usual D vs. Δa curves in the literature which have high initial values and fall monotonically to a plateau at large Δa. It also predicts that D curves for CCT testpieces should be higher than those for SENB/CT, as found in practice. The possibility that D curves at some intermediate Δa may dip to a minimum below the levelled‐off value at large Δa is predicted and confirmed by experiment. Recently reported D curves that have smaller initial D than the D‐values after extensive propagation can also be predicted. The testpiece geometry and crack tip R(Δa) conditions required to produce these different‐shaped D vs. Δa curves are established and confirmed by comparison with experiment. The energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa is not a transferable property as it depends on geometry. The material characteristic R(Δa) may be the ‘transferable property’ for scaling problems in ELPL fracture. How it can be deduced from D vs. Δa curves (and by implication, J_R vs. Δa curves) is established.     

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简述了乙烯装置的工艺流程,分析了装置中常见的几种失效模式及其分布;以乙烯裂解装置为例,简述了RBI的执行过程和结果,从基于风险的检验理念,对制订设备检验策略提出了几点建议。     

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建(构)筑物机械拆除方法综述

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穿壁焊极柱合金探索

本文对起动用铅酸蓄电池穿壁焊极柱用合金配方进行了探索 ,并得到了良好的应用效果     

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