DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素

DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂的合成步骤为：玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺在硝酸铈铵引发下接枝，得A；A与醇在酸催化下发生酯化反应得B；甲醛与二甲胺反应得N-羟甲基胺（C）；在C中加入酸使pH值为4左右。得酸性范围内的N-羟甲基胺（C′）。B与C′发生曼尼希反应得D（叔胺盐）；D发生烷基化反应E（季铵盐）；E与四苯硼钠反应生成白色沉淀。室内试验分析了DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素。评价了DJG-1的水处理效果并与硫酸铝进行了对比。实验结果表明，DJG-1阳离子絮凝剂合成的影响因素包括引发剂的选用，活化时间，投料比，反应时间与温度及溶液pH值等。用DJG-1絮凝剂混凝处理钻井废水时，絮凝沉淀的速度比用硫酸铝处理时大得多，废水处理效率高，但DJG-1絮凝剂与硫酸铝复合使用经济效益更好，且硫酸铝用量为300mg/L时，DJG-1的最佳用量为3-4mg/L。     

离子交换法合成三氨基胍叠氮酸盐

三氨基胍叠氮酸（ＴＡＺ）分子中的含氮量高达８５．７％，燃烧分解时不仅－Ｎ３可释放３６７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ的键能，而且放出大量的氮气，是一个提高比冲，降低燃烧温度的理想的推进剂两组分之一。     

快速法测定AES中未硫酸化物的含量

讨论了一种快速测量AES中未硫酸化物的方法。首先将配制好的AES-乙醇溶液，通过离子交换树脂，然后收集、蒸馏、干燥得到的液体，称重后即可得到未硫酸化物的含量，采用该方法比国家标准节约2．5～3h的分析时间。     

阳离子表面活性剂对HPAM溶液表观粘度的影响

研究了不同的阳离子表面活性剂对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)溶液中的表观粘度的影响。     

The effect of ionic strength on soil P reactions is negligible

The electrolyte concentration of the soil solution affects the availability of some nutrients in the soil, especially of P, but it is not know at what salt concentration the reactions start to be significantly affected and their magnitude. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of rates of potassium chloride (KCl) on some soil parameters that determine supplying of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Al in an unlimed acid soil. Increasing rates of KCl (from zero up to 2000 mg K kg^–1) were applied to soil samples fertilized with 360 mg P kg^–1. Solution (C_li) and exchangeable (C_si) forms of P, Ca, Mg, K, and Al were determined in the treated soil samples after 30-days of incubation; cation activity in solution and their selectivity coefficients were then calculated. Addition of KCl at rates equal to or above 500 mg K kg^–1 caused a large relative increase on P in the soil solution (P_li) but a small and insignificant increase on the absolute value of P_li. All forms of soil K increased with increases on K applied, and buffer power for K varied according to the range of soil K. At all KCl rates, K displaced Ca, Mg, and Al from the solid phase to the soil solution, but had no effect on the extractable values. The relative preference of cations for the adsorption sites increased with increase on cation valency, and only those selectivity coefficients involving K were affected by K applied.     

有机硅乳液稳定性的研究

以阳离子型乳液聚合为例，详细讨论了聚合反应因素及环境因素对环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明：在聚合反应温度为65℃、催化剂的用量为总加料量的0．3％～0．5％、硅烷偶联剂的用量为D4质量的3％～5％、乳化剂用量为总加料量的10％、阳／非离子型乳化剂的质量比为1．5～1．8、D4与水的质量比为0．3～0．4条件下，制得的环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性良好；采取急冷的方式中止聚合反应，并以醋酸中和至pH值为6～7，有利于环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性的提高。     

Charge reduction and regeneration in K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ni2+ and Co2+-exchanged Wyoming Bentonite

Controlled calcination of ion-exchanged Wyoming Bentonite in the presence and absence of ammonia leads to layer charge reductions. Detailed chemical analyses of both unexchangeable and exchangeable species lead to the conclusion that in no case is there migration of the original interlamellar cations into the octahedral region of the layers although, in terms of ionic radius alone, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺ and, possibly Co²⁺, might be expected to do so. The production of unexchangeable Mg, Ni or Co, is identified as resulting from high temperature hydrolysis leading to hydroxide or oxide formation.     

723型阳离子交换树脂催化合成甲基叔丁基醚

本文研究利用723型阳离子交换树脂催化合成MTBE，采用正交设计的统计方法，对影响产率的各因素如反应温度，反应时间，催化剂用量和原料摩尔比进行组合，找到合适的工艺路线，最佳反应条件为：催化剂用量为5g，甲醇与叔丁醇比为3：1，反应时间为7h。     

Development and evaluation of an improved soil test for phosphorus: 1. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer solubility and soil properties on the extractability of soil P

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a soil test suitable for estimating the phosphorus status of soils whether they were fertilized with soluble or sparingly soluble P fertilizers or both. Four New Zealand soils of contrasting P sorption capacity and exchangeable Ca content were incubated alone or with monocalcium phosphate (MCP), reactive North Carolina (NC) phosphate rock or unreactive Florida (FRD) rock, at 240 mg P kg^–1 soil, to allow the P sources of different solubilities to react with each soil and provide soil samples containing different amounts of extractable P, Ca and residual phosphate rock. The phosphorus in the incubated soils was fractionated into alkali soluble and acid soluble P fractions using a sequential extraction procedure to assess the extent of phosphate rock dissolution. Eight soil P tests [three moderately alkaline — Olsen (0.5M NaHCO₃) modified Olsen (pretreatment with 1M NaCl) and Colwell; three acid tests — Bray 1, modified Bray 1 and Truog; and two resin tests — bicarbonate anion exchange resin (AER) and combined AER plus sodium cation exchange resin (CER)] were assessed in their ability to extract P from the incubated soils.The 0.5M NaHCO₃ based alkaline tests could not differentiate between the Control and FRD treatments in any soil nor between the Control, NC and FRD treatments in the high P sorption soils. The acid extractants appeared to be affected by the P sorption capacity of the soil probably because of reabsorption of dissolved P in the acid medium. The AER test gave results similar to Olsen. Only the combined AER + CER test extracted P in amounts related to the solubility of the P sources incubated with each soil. Furthermore, when soil samples were spiked with FRD and NC and extracted immediately, the P extracted by the AER + CER test, over and above the control soils, increased with the amount and chemical reactivity of the rocks. There was no extraction of rock P by any of the alkaline extractions.Increases in the amounts of P extracted (P) by each soil test from the fertilized soils, over and above the control soils were compared with the amounts ofP dissolved from the fertilizers during incubation (measured by P fractionation). Soil P sorption capacity had least influence on the amounts of P extracted by the AER + CER and Colwell tests. However, the Colwell test was unable to differentiate between all P sources in all four soils and suffered from the disadvantage of producing coloured extracts. The AER + CER test appeared to have the potential to assess the available P status of soils better than the other tests used because of its ability to extract a representative portion of residual PR (in accordance with the amount and reactivity) and dissolved P, and thus to differentiate between fertilizer treatments in all four soils.     

钻井泥浆抑制剂JFT的实验研究

针对钻井过程中泥页岩的水化膨胀导致井壁不稳定和泥浆性能恶化这一严重问题 ,通过室内试验研制了一种阳离子型聚合物抑制剂———JFT ,并进行了性能评价。结果表明 ,该抑制剂具有好的水溶性、时间稳定性和热稳定性 ,其适应温度范围广 (在 30～ 95℃下不生成絮状沉淀 ) ,有效浓度为 1 %的JFT比 5 %KCl的抑制性好。