阳离子染料分子结构与配伍性能关系的研究

<正>1引言在染料的合成与应用中,染料的配伍性能是一项重要的性能指标。有关从计算染料分子－的无机性值及有机性值来研究染料的配伍性能尚未见文献报道。对于阳离子染料来说,传统的方法是采用标准染料根据其染色速率的炔慢分成5级,将所研究的染料与标准染料相比,确定所研究染料的配伍值。此法具有很大的盲目性。本文试图从有机概念图的观点出发,研究阳离子染料的分子结构与配伍性能之问的规律性。     

阳离子交换树脂铁中毒的复苏研究

软化器中使用的阳离子交换树脂容易受到铁离子的污染。采用均匀设计的方法,利用回归分析和最优化技术,研究了复苏剂中各组分对阳离子复苏效果的影响,得出了最佳复苏配方,开发出了一种新的复苏方法。这种方法具有腐蚀性低和复苏效果良好的特点,为生产现场树脂的复苏提供了有益的借鉴。     

阳离子交换树脂吸附Fe~(3 )催化合成乙酸丙酯的研究

本文研究了阳离子交换树脂吸附Fe3 的制备及其在合成乙酸丙酯反应中的催化作用 ,结果发现其具有较高的催化能力 ,乙酸丙酯的产率可达 76 %以上。     

A new family of ionic liquids based on the 1-alkyl-2-methyl pyrrolinium cation

Five new salts based on 1-alkyl-2-methyl pyrrolinium ion are reported, two involving the iodide ion and three involving the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide ion. The iodide salts have melting points around 100 °C, while the amide salts have melting points around room temperature. Two of the amide salts can be easily quenched into the glassy state and exhibit glass transition temperatures around −70 °C. The 2-methyl pyrrolinium cation bears structural similarities to the aromatic imidazolium cations on one hand and the cyclic ammonium cation family based on the pyrrolidinium cation on the other. The properties of the salts reported here are compared within these two related families of salts.     

咪唑类离子液体合成及其应用研究

介绍了咪唑类离子液体的一般性质和合成方法,及其作为一种新型的化学溶剂广泛应用于化学合成、分离过程和电化学等方面,具有良好的发展前景。     

723型阳离子交换树脂催化合成甲基叔丁基醚

本文研究利用723型阳离子交换树脂催化合成MTBE，采用正交设计的统计方法，对影响产率的各因素如反应温度，反应时间，催化剂用量和原料摩尔比进行组合，找到合适的工艺路线，最佳反应条件为：催化剂用量为5g，甲醇与叔丁醇比为3：1，反应时间为7h。     

Physical and potentiometric properties of polyurethane‐based cation‐selective membranes

Lipophilic salts based on tetraphenylborate derivatives [e.g., potassium tetrakis(p‐chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), and cesium tetrakis(3‐methylphenyl)borate are essential ingredients used in the preparation of solvent polymeric cation‐selective membranes. The effects of such lipophilic salts on the physical properties of a polyurethane (PU) matrix comprising 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, and poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) were examined. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the sodium and potassium salts doped in PU increased the glass‐transition temperatures (T_g) of the matrix, while the film containing cesium salt exhibited slightly decreased T_g. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity for PU60 films doped with KTpClPB is well described by the Arrhenius‐type equation, and that doped with NaTPB is described by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF)‐type equation. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity on the VTF‐type equation suggests that the transport of sodium ions in the PU60 matrix is more strongly coupled to the soft segmental motion, and potassium ions are decoupled from the polymer host and transported by activated hopping. The effect of added salt on the internal structure of PU membranes was investigated by measuring the ratio between the free and hydrogen‐bonded CO bands at 1703 and 1730 cm⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that the ether oxygens in the soft segment chains are strongly coupled to the potassium or sodium, but much less to cesium. The potentiometric properties of these lipophilic additive doped PU membranes were characterized by incorporating valinomycin and 4‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene‐tetraacetic acid tetraethylester as potassium‐ and sodium‐selective ionophores, respectively. Their response behavior could be explained by the observed physical characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 618–625, 2001     

精处理氢离子交换工艺试验

将一级复床出水直接进入精处理氢离子交换柱,其出水电导率<0.5μs/cm.在许多场合下,均可用精处理氢离子交换来代替混床制取纯水.同时也可用它来监督阴床的运行.     

预处理条件及金属离子改性对H-MOR分子筛的DME羰基化性能影响

详细了考察不同预处理条件及反应温度对丝光沸石(H-MOR)分子筛二甲醚(DME)羰基化制取醋酸甲酯(MA)的催化活性和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,在氮气气氛中500℃预处理2 h、反应温度为180℃时H-MOR催化剂的DME转化率最高,可达20.5%。虽然提高反应温度可以进一步提高催化剂的DME转化率,但易产生积炭,快速失活。此外,还考察了金属离子改性对H-MOR催化剂DME羰基化活性的影响。采用离子交换法制备了Cu、Ni、Fe和Co等金属离子交换的H-MOR催化剂,活性测试结果表明:IE-Cu催化剂活性最好,DME转化率为36.9%;IE-Ni催化剂的活性最稳定,DME转化率稳定在24.5%。还原温度对IE-Cu催化剂DME羰基化活性有重要影响,450℃还原后的IE-Cu催化剂活性要明显高于300℃还原的IE-Cu。     

碱熔法与固相法制备4A型粉煤灰沸石的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱熔法与固相法合成4A型沸石.研究了煅烧时间与温度、碱灰比、液固比、陈化时间与晶化时间对沸石产品的阳离子交换性能(CEC)的影响.通过XRD、SEM、TG-DTA等对产品进行表征.结果表明650℃下煅烧1h、碱灰比1.2:1 g·g-1、液固比5:1 g·g-1、陈化12h、90 ℃下晶化6h,碱熔法合成产物为单一晶型4A型沸石;在650℃下煅烧2h、碱灰比0.5:1 g·g-1、液固比2.7:1g·g-、陈化1h、90℃晶化3.5h条件下,固相法产物主要为4A型沸石.碱熔法及固相法粉煤灰沸石CEC值可分别为357.31 mmol/100g和253.86 mmol·100 g-1,达到相应商品沸石的127.93％和90.89％.