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21.
Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点及在采油中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章简要地介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点;从表面活性剂的作用原理出发,介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的优良性能:如表面张力、泡沫力、润湿力、优异的协同效应、耐温抗盐性等;在此基础上,阐述了该类表面活性剂在油田三次采油上的应用前景。 相似文献
22.
M.A. Migahed M. Abd-El-Raouf A.M. Al-Sabagh H.M. Abd-El-Bary 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(4):395-402
Four novel non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants (I–IV) were synthesised and investigated as corrosion inhibitors
of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using gravimetric, open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarisation techniques. The percentage
inhibition efficiency (η%) for each inhibitor increased with increasing concentration until the critical micelle concentration
(cmc) was reached. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached 95.1% in the presence of 400 ppm of the inhibitor (IV). It
was found that the adsorption of the surfactants on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic
polarisation data indicated that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The values of activation energy (E
a*) of carbon steel dissolution in 1 M HCl were calculated in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of each inhibitor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
was used to examine the surface morphology of polished carbon steel surfaces and those immersed in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor (IV). 相似文献
23.
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的厌氧与好氧生物降解性 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)为目标污染物,在等同条件下做厌氧消化污泥和好氧活性污泥对其生物降解性能的对比实验,得出了同一系列AEO分子中聚氧乙烯基与整个分子的降解难易程度的关系。表明:①污泥会对AEO分子产生吸附一脱附作用而出现假降解率,克服假降解率的干扰是准确测定AEO生物降解性的关键因素;②厌氧和好氧条件下,AEO均可降解,但厌氧降解要稍优于好氧降解;③AEO中聚氧乙烯基的单元数(n)是影响其生物降解的重要因素,相同碳链的直链烷基,生物降解率随n的增加而明显降低。 相似文献
24.
Kwang‐Pill Lee Anantha Iyengar Gopalan See‐Hee Lee Ali Md Showkat Young Chang Nho 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,102(4):3912-3918
Conducting polydiphenylamine was used to encapsulate silica nanoparticles through the oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. The polymerization was performed in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Experiments performed in the absence of ultrasound clearly demonstrated that the application of ultrasonication played multiple roles in the preparation of a composite of polydiphenylamine with silica nanoparticles. Ultrasonication dispersed the silica nanoparticles, converted sodium lauryl sulfate to lauryl alcohol, and augmented the dispersion of the silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composite in an organic medium. Silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were also prepared in the absence of ultrasound and/or sodium lauryl sulfate. The silica‐nanoparticle/polydiphenylamine composites were characterized with Fourier trans form infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible/near‐infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3912–3918, 2006 相似文献
25.
中国加入WTO后,中国洗涤用品行业面临着新的机遇与挑战,中国洗涤用品市场将面临更加激烈的竞争。由于环保的呼声越来越高,中国已开始在部分地区禁磷。中国洗涤用品工业将如何发展,其前景如何,专家的看法又如何,就这些问题本刊专访了有关人士。 相似文献
26.
扩链剂对阳离子聚氨酯乳液性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文讨论了用三乙醇胺制备阳离子聚氨酯乳液,三乙醇胺用量,扩链剂,如乙二醇、丁二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇对乳液性能的影响。还讨论了扩链剂对其粘结强度的影响。 相似文献
27.
Robert G. Laughlin 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(11):705-710
Recent phase studies of several surfactant-water systems, using new or refined methods, have revealed significant errors in
earlier phase diagrams. These diagrams had been determined largely using methods based on the isoplethal phase studies principle.
This principle has inherent limitations which do not exist in isothermal methods.
Isothermal nuclear magnetic resonance and refined calorimetric methods have been extensively used in recent surfactant phase
studies. Methods based on the new lyotrope gradient (swelling) principle show great promise as a means of improving the efficiency
and quality of surfactant phase studies. 相似文献
28.
Zhong-Ni Wang Gan-Zuo Li Jian-Hai Mu Wen-Xia Zhang 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(4):391-396
The interaction and synergism of some polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohol ether (POE) nonionic surfactants (C12E2, C12E3, C10E5, C10E7, where Cx indicates number of carbon atoms in the chain and Ey indicates number of oxyethylene glycol ethers) with trioxyethylenated dodecyl sulfonate (C12E3S) in mixed monolayer formation at the surface and in mixed micelle formation in aqueous solutions were studied at 25 and
40°C by calculating interaction parameters (βα, βM) from surface tension-concentration data by use of Rosen's equations based on the nonideal solution theory. All the systems
investigated adapt reasonably well to the nonideal model, with negative values of βσ and βM (where M means micelle and σ refers to the air-liquid interface) indicating a favorable interaction between the mixed surfactants.
Either at a monolayer or in a mixed micelle, the attractive interaction becomes stronger when the alkyl chain in the POE surfactant
is longer, i.e., when the POE becomes more hydrophobic. The interaction increases in the order C10E7<C10E5<C12E3, C12E2. For the two C10E
n
(n= 5,7)/C12E3S systems, as temperature increases from 25 to 40°C, the interaction increases in a mixed micelle, but it decreases in a mixed
monolayer. Synergism in mixed micelle formation exists for C12E3S/C10E
n
mixtures when X1
M
, the mole fraction of POE in a mixed micelle, is ≈0.4–0.8, whereas synergism does not occur in the systems of C12E3S/C12E
m
due to the large difference between CMC1 and CMC2, i.e., large |In(C
1
M
/C
2
M
)| value (where CMC=critical micelle concentration). The degree of synergism in mixed micelle formation is temperature independent
and is 0.23, 0.18, and close to zero for C10E5/C12E3S, C10E7/C12E3S, and C12E
m
(m=2,3)/C12E3S systems, respectively. Synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness occurs in C12E3S/C12E2 and C12E3S/C12E3 systems. The mole fractions of POE in the solution phase are 0.302 and 0.333 for the two mixtures at the point of maximum
synergism. 相似文献
29.
A new method of preparation of living cationic polymer of isobutyl vinyl ether via photoinduced polymerization in the presence of diphenyliodonium iodide (DPII, initiator) and zinc iodide in a mixed solvent of toluene/diethyl ether, which was irradiated at ?78°C for short period, was completed within 15 min. The reaction was allowed for further reaction in the dark until monomer was fully consumed. It was found that increase in the conversion of monomer to polymer during the irradiation is very limited. Confirmation of the linear dependence of number‐average molar mass of resulting polymer on % conversion together with the fact that polymerization proceeds until monomer consumption, and controllability of number‐average molar mass of resulting polymer, depending on the molar ratio of monomer and initiator, strongly suggests the living nature of this polymerization, unless reaction temperature becomes higher than 0°C, i.e., the absence of chain breaking process. The narrow molar mass distribution, whose polydispersity index values are less than 1.2, reveals that the rate of initiation where irradiation is usually completed within 15 min is much faster than that of propagation in cationic nature in this system. Effect of some major factors, such as solvent polarity and temperature, on the living nature of the polymerization was also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3581–3586, 2006 相似文献
30.
In the ceramic technology the first step to produce sintered bodies is the manufacturing of powders which then are densified. The adhesion mechanisms between the single particles and the agglomerates produced from them determine the densification process. Starting from theoretical considerations adhesion mechanisms, such as solid bridge formation, adhesive bonding and glide-promoting effects, are discussed in principle. Subsequently, the effects of surface-active substances on the densification behaviour of clay-ceramics and oxide-ceramic bodies are discussed. Further, the evaluation of the action of additives to the powder mixtures on the microstructure of the compacts, such as porsity and texture, leads to a compaction equation which describes the transition from the powder pile to a densified green body. 相似文献