双子表面活性剂的研究概况

对双子表面活性剂的合成进展、合成发展方向和前景提出了一些看法.     

Novel Structural Increments for Estimating the Krafft Temperature of Ionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

In this work, we report results of our investigation on the relationship between the Krafft temperature of ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions and their chemical structure. We tested empirical values of the Krafft temperature available in literature for aqueous solutions of 234 ionic surfactants and correlated them to the surfactant chemical structure. In this work, we propose a novel set of 67 group contributions for calculation of the Krafft temperature of ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions. Using them, the Krafft temperature values in aqueous solutions for 174 anionic, 43 cationic, and 17 zwitterionic surfactants were calculated and the estimated values obtained in this way were compared with experimental values. We have demonstrated that the newly developed set of numerical values structural group contributions of the surfactants allows correct estimation of the Krafft temperature value for the tested set of data with the maximum error 7.6°C and the mean square error 3.7°C for various types of ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions.     

月桂基糖苷羟丙基月桂基二甲基氯化铵的合成

以环氧氯丙烷为桥连基,将烷基糖苷与叔胺连接起来,合成了烷基糖苷季铵盐,并对合成产物进行了性能测定。测试表明,烷基糖苷季铵盐有很好的复配性能和泡沫性能,同时也具有一定的调理性能。产品清澈透明,适合于配制化妆护理产品,其开发利用具有应用价值。     

Role of quaternary bromides in changing the solubilization site of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-heptylamine in cationic micellar solutions

Newtonian flow conditions were adopted to take viscosity measurements at 30°C of solutions of cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, C₁₆TAB, and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, C₁₄TAB) with the addition of n-heptylamine (C₇NH₂) and quaternary salts (tetra-n-propylammonium bromide, Pr₄NBr; tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, Bu₄NBr; tetraamylammonium bromide, Am₄NBr; tetra-n-octylammonium bromide, Oc₄NBr; tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, Bu₄PBr; tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, Φ₄PBr; n-propyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, PrΦ₃PBr₃) by having either a fixed C₇NH₂ or salt concentration and varying the other. Systems containing a comparatively higher Bu₄NBr content showed a dramatic decrease in viscosity at higher C₇NH₂ concentration. Further, the viscosity-salt concentration profiles of 0.1 M C₁₆TAB solutions containing fixed C₇NH₂ concentrations showed a peaked behavior. The peak positions and salt contents at the peaks were dependent on the length of the alkyl part of the particular salt and the connecting atom (N or P) but independent of the nature of the surfactant and C₇NH₂ concentration. The behavior is discussed in the light of a change in the solubilization site of C₇NH₂ caused by the presence of quaternary salts. Cavities in the quaternary salts present in the bulk solvent are proposed to be the new sites of solubilization.     

唑型双子表面活性剂的合成和性能研究

以咪唑、以咪唑,溴乙酸,溴代十四烷和二元醇为主要原料,采用三步法合成了三种新的咪唑型双子表面活性剂,简记[C_(14)-n-C_(14)]Br_2。通过核磁氢谱和红外光谱对三种产物的结构进行表征,证明合成的产物为目标产物。并采用表面张力法得出三种表面活性剂的表面张力曲线,进而计算临界胶束浓度(CMC)等一系列表面性能参数,结果表明,连接基越短的咪唑型双子表面活性剂拥有更低的CMC,更高的界面活性。     

氟表面活性剂

介绍了氟表面活性剂的主要物理化学性质及合成方法。     

表面活性剂现场清洗土壤有机污染研究

介绍了应用表面活性剂现场清洗土壤有机污染的方法原理、适用条件及方法特点，对国内外研究现状及在我国的应用前景作了简要分析，提出了在目前研究及应用表面活性剂现场清洗土壤有机污染中需要注意及解决的几个关键性技术问题。     

橄榄油表面活性剂的体外刺激性研究

PEG－7橄榄油羧酸钠（SPOC）和PEG－7橄榄油酯（OPE）是新型的由橄榄油衍生而来的温和型表面活性剂，它们不同于硫酸盐、醇醚硫酸盐和磺基琥珀酸酯，但具有相同的起泡能力，且对皮肤无刺激作用。第一种含有洗涤活性并有较高的皮肤相容性；第二种具有润肤特性，还能够修复皮肤的氢化类脂层。通过进行体外溶解红血细胞的实验研究来证实其所具有的良好性能。     

阴-阳离子捕收剂浮选铁尾矿中低品位云母的试验研究

云母是一种重要的非金属矿物资源,以云南铁尾矿中的低品位云母为研究对象,通过化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和矿物参数自动定量分析(MLA)对原样进行了工艺矿物学研究,白云母是主要的目的矿物,黑云母少量存在,脉石矿物主要为石英、钠长石、赤铁矿和绿泥石.本文重点研究了不同阴-阳离子捕收剂组合、阴-阳离子捕收剂的配比和捕收剂用量等对云母浮选的影响,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和十二胺(DDA)为最佳的捕收剂组合,其最佳的用量配比为2∶1、最佳用量分别为40 g/t和20 g/t.再磨能有效提升粗精矿的回收率,最佳的再磨细度为-45 μm占90％.最终,采用一粗一扫五精的浮选闭路流程,可获得钾的品位和回收率分别为7.82％和64.74％的云母精矿.XRD及化学分析显示,云母在精矿中得到了较好的富集.     

聚硅氧烷季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成及应用

介绍了聚硅氧烷季铵盐抗菌整理剂的合成方法及其应用性能。指出了现存的问题和今后的研究方向。聚硅氧烷季铵盐的合成主要以DC-5700型季铵盐和氨基硅油、含氢硅油等聚合物为原料，经过平衡聚合、缩聚、季铵化等反应制得。可用于织物材料的抗菌、除垢、防静电处理，并且能大大降低界面的界面张力。由于其与被处理材料的表面以化学键结合，因而不易脱落，是一种安全高效的新型阳离子表面活性剂，具有广阔的应用前景。