Development of matrix microstructure in polycrystalline cubic boron nitride ceramics

The development of matrix microstructure in polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tool materials has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The materials had a matrix based on Ti(C,O,N) and Al and were fabricated from powder mixtures milled with either WC-Co cemented carbide or (Ti,W)(C,N)-Co cermet milling media. The introduction of WC-Co debris resulted in the formation of an Al- and W-rich liquid phase during high pressure high temperature sintering. Crystalline intergranular phases rich in W partitioned from this liquid. Debris from the cermet milling media resulted in the formation of intergranular Co₂B; the W was retained in the (Ti,W)(C,N) structure during sintering. Al-rich reaction zones on cBN grain surfaces developed locally during high pressure high temperature sintering.     

Directional migration behavior of cerium during sintering process of mischmetal doped cemented carbide

Three observation methods were used to investigate the existing form and the behavior of rare earth during the sintering process of high activity mischmetal （RE, with lanthanum and cerium） doped WC-8%Co-0.048%RE（mass fraction） alloy with low carbon-containing level by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDXS）, considering the fact that the addition amount of rare earth in the alloy is very minute. The directional migration process and mechanism of cerium were discussed. First, the sinter skin （surface） is observed. oxide on the sinter skin, and lanthanum in these cerium observed, and lanthanum containing phase/micro-zone in It is shown that there exists a dispersedly distributed cerium containing enrichment positions is very minute. Secondly, the polished section is the alloy is identified. Finally, based on the fact that the fracture of cemented carbide is resulted from the heterogeneous phase or other defects within the microstructure, the fracture surface is observed and cerium containing phase/micro-zone in the fracture source approximately 260 μm from the surface is identified. These combined observations reveal adequately the fact that lanthanum and cerium get separated and cerium predominantly migrates towards the surface during the sintering process.     

Formation of an intermetallic compound Pd3Te with deactivation of Te/Pd/C catalysts for selective oxidation of sodium lactate to pyruvate in aqueous phase

The addition of a trace amount of Te promoted the activity of Pd/C in the liquid-phase oxidation of lactic acid, but the Te/Pd/C catalyst, for which Pd₃Te crystalline phase extended over the bulk at a higher Te-doping above Te/Pd = 0.3 (atom), was again inactive. A powder XRD evidence for Pd₃Te is given.     

GeSb2Te4纳米薄膜的原位透射电子显微学研究

相变材料GeSbTe亚稳相中的局域结构长期以来一直是研究的热点,特别是亚稳相中Ge原子的分布对相变过程的进行具有重要作用.本文主要利用透射电子显微学,电子衍射技术和基于电子衍射技术的径向分布函数对不同时效温度时效过程中GeSb2Te4亚稳相的原子结构进行了深入研究.通过对径向分布函数的研究表明:250℃时效60min时GeSb2Te4亚稳相中几乎所有的Ge原子都位于四面体位置,局域形成类尖晶石结构;而时效温度为150℃、200℃下分别时效60min时发现没有或者几乎没有Ge原子位于四面体位置,时效后的结构以岩盐矿结构为主,部分晶化为六方结构.     

Impact of Stoichiometry on the Structure of van der Waals Layered GeTe/Sb2Te3 Superlattices Used in Interfacial Phase‐Change Memory (iPCM) Devices

Van der Waals layered GeTe/Sb₂Te₃ superlattices (SLs) have demonstrated outstanding performances for use in resistive memories in so‐called interfacial phase‐change memory (iPCM) devices. GeTe/Sb₂Te₃ SLs are made by periodically stacking ultrathin GeTe and Sb₂Te₃ crystalline layers. The mechanism of the resistance change in iPCM devices is still highly debated. Recent experimental studies on SLs grown by molecular beam epitaxy or pulsed laser deposition indicate that the local structure does not correspond to any of the previously proposed structural models. Here, a new insight is given into the complex structure of prototypical GeTe/Sb₂Te₃ SLs deposited by magnetron sputtering, which is the used industrial technique for SL growth in iPCM devices. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the structural quality of the SL depends critically on its stoichiometry. Moreover, high‐angle annular dark‐field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis of the local atomic order in a perfectly stoichiometric SL reveals the absence of GeTe layers, and that Ge atoms intermix with Sb atoms in, for instance, Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ blocks. This result shows that an alternative structural model is required to explain the origin of the electrical contrast and the nature of the resistive switching mechanism observed in iPCM devices.     

富胶凝砂砾石材料抗压及抗冻性能研究

采用三因素三水平正交试验、PPR分析法和PPR单因素仿真分析法,探究胶凝材料用量、水灰比及细料含量对富胶凝砂砾石抗压及抗冻性能影响的规律。研究结果表明:胶凝材料用量对富胶凝砂砾石影响程度最大,水灰比次之,细料含量最小。根据投影寻踪仿真单因素分析法得出,随着胶凝材料用量的增加,抗压强度先快速增大随后增幅逐渐平缓;相反,抗冻性能先平缓增大,当胶凝材料用量大于250 kg/m~3时增幅变大。细料含量对富胶凝砂砾石抗冻性能与抗压强度的影响规律相似,随着细料含量的增加,抗压及抗冻性能都随之增大,且在细料含量大于27. 5%时,增幅逐渐趋于平缓。富胶凝砂砾石抗压及抗冻性能随着水灰比增大而增强,当水灰比大于0. 45时出现峰值后下降。     

胶凝砂砾石坝在中小型水利工程中的最新应用与实践

土石堤坝抗风险能力相对较差,亟需开发一种经济环保并具有较高安全度的替代坝型。顺江堰和猫猫河山塘工程是我国建成的为数不多的胶凝砂砾石永久性工程。针对这两座永久性工程的应用实践,运用有限单元法和材料力学法进行了稳定和应力分析,通过最粗和最细级配砂砾石的包络线进行材料配合比设计及施工工艺工序控制,基于超宽带物联网技术建立了数字化质量监控平台,并进行了综合投资经济性比较。结果表明,新坝型与传统坝型相比,胶凝砂砾石梯形断面应力均匀,非正常工况下的抗剪断安全系数可达到5以上,28 d抗压强度大于6 MPa,施工速度和施工质量相对易达标,综合投资比混凝土坝节省10%左右。新坝型通过就地取材、废物利用,在生态环保、经济合理、施工便捷等方面具有一定优势。     

超细硬质合金棒材缺陷电涡流检测系统研发

PCB板钻头是由超细硬质合金棒材加工出来的,而超细硬质合金棒材在无心磨削加工过程中常会产生崩角、磨面等缺陷.针对目前硬质合金棒材缺陷人工检测效率低、误检率高的问题,采用电涡流无损检测方法,开发了一套硬质合金棒材缺陷检测系统,以单片机为控制核心,设计了数据采集、A/D转换、通讯、执行机构等电路,开发了相应的控制软件.通过实验研究了检测系统的提离效应和边界效应,实验结果表明研发的硬质合金棒材缺陷检测系统能有效分选出有缺陷的棒材,可以有效提高检测准确率和检测效率.     

酸碱度对砂岩力学性质的影响及微观结构研究

借助MTS816伺服机和压汞试验仪,对不同pH值溶液侵蚀后的泥质胶结细砂岩进行单轴压缩试验与压汞试验,研究了酸碱度变化对岩石强度破坏及其弱化规律和微观结构方面的影响。研究表明:①水溶液趋于强酸强碱性,即偏酸性和偏碱性均会导致岩石的力学强度降低,力学强度弱化率最大时pH值分别为6和9;②溶液pH>9继续增大、pH<6继续减小,对岩石力学强度弱化率影响很小;③pH值由6降低到2,岩石的峰值强度由76.94 MPa降低到70.91 MPa,弱化率仅为7.83%;pH值由7增大到10,峰值强度由79.89 MPa降低到64.41 MPa,弱化率为18.12%;pH值由10增大到12,峰值强度由64.41 MPa降低到63.00 MPa,弱化率仅为2.19%;④随着溶液酸、碱性的增大,泥质细砂岩的孔隙度和歪度表现出增大的趋势,其中直径<0.1 μm孔隙所占比例变化最大,也是决定侵蚀后岩石力学强度弱化的微观主要因素。该研究定量地得出酸碱度对岩石力学性质的影响与微观结构的变化规律,为更准确研究隧道及地下工程等涉水的岩石工程领域安全、稳定方面提供了新的思路与方法。     

A Study of the Functionalities of the Phases in Mo–V–Nb–Te Oxides for Propane Ammoxidation

Catalysts belonging to the Mo–V–Nb–Te–O system have been prepared with both a slurry method and hydrothermal synthesis and were tested for propane and propylene ammoxidation to acrylonitrile. All samples were characterized with BET, XRD, ICP and XPS. The catalysts were found to consist of three phases, to which activity and selectivity correlations were made. The results indicate that both an orthorhombic phase and a hexagonal phase are needed to have an active and selective catalyst. The orthorhombic phase is the most active for propane conversion although less selective than the hexagonal phase for the conversion of formed propylene to acrylonitrile.