Rheology of natural fibers thermoplastic compounds: Flow length and fiber distribution

The presented study investigates the flow length and the corresponding fiber content distribution in the injection‐moulded natural fiber reinforced thermoplastics and its relation to fiber type and processing parameters such as injection pressure, temperature, injection rate and mould tempering by increasing die temperature. In this research, polypropylene compounds with nominally 30 wt % hemp and sisal fibers are investigated. The influence of the injection pressure (500 and 1000 bar), melt temperature (180°C, 200°C, and 220°C), and die temperature (23°C and 80°C) on the fiber content distribution all over the sample is investigated. An increasing linear trend of fiber content along the spiral length is observed as an evidence of a fiber/polymer multiflow system. A pattern for fiber content distribution with respect to the fiber length along the injected spiral can be distinguished, where the longer fibers are usually found at the end of the injected part and the shorter fibers remain near mould entrance point. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39861.     

Char barrier effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of high‐density polyethylene flame‐retarded by brominated polystyrene

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with the char barrier effect were combined with brominated polystyrene (BPS) and antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of high‐density polyethylene. Thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) testing, and vertical burning testing (UL‐94) showed that the presence of GNPs led to enhanced thermal oxidation stability and significantly reduced the flammability. The addition of 1 wt % GNPs to polyethylene/BPS–Sb (mass ratio = 92/6/2) led to UL‐94 grades from NG (first burning time > 30 s) to V‐2 (total burning time = 14 s), and the LOI value increased from 23.4 to 24.1%. The results of the pyrolysis products provided evidence that the GNPs restricted volatilization. The morphology of the chars also proved the formation of the char layer, which could act as a barrier to isolate the material from the flame and retard the vaporization of flammable gases via a tortuous pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40520.     

Analysis of composition homogeneity and polarization orientation of PZT submicron fibers by micro-Raman spectroscopy

Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a convenient tool to probe individual objects with a feature size on the submicron scale. The phase, composition, and orientation of Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ fibers fabricated via hydrothermal processing have been characterized by this technique, with the working principles given in the paper. It is shown that the prepared PZT submicron fibers are of a tetragonal pervoskite phase, with Zr/(Zr + Ti) varying from 0.05 to 0.25. The spontaneous polarization has been confirmed to be along the length direction and one of its {1 0 0} planes parallel to the substrate plane.     

Large third-order optical nonlinearity of ZnO–Bi2O3–B2O3 glass–ceramic containing Bi2ZnB2O7 nanocrystals

Homogeneous transparent optical glass–ceramics precipitated with unique nonlinear crystals are promising materials for photonic applications. We have utilized heat treatment method to prepare transparent ZnO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ glass–ceramic containing Bi₂ZnB₂O₇ nonlinear nanocrystals. A large third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ of glass–ceramic is measured by Z-scan technique, which mainly attributed to unique [BiO₆] and [B₂O₅] units in Bi₂ZnB₂O₇ crystal structure and the quantum size effect of nanoparticles. The discovery is of great potential in the application of nonlinear optical integrated devices.     

Equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamic studies for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide using Amberlyst-15 resin: Quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

In the present paper, Amberlyst-15 resin was used for the removal of malathion. Various experimental parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, resin dose, initial malathion concentration and temperature were studied to find the optimum conditions for malathion removal. The removal rate of malathion by Amberlyst-15 was rapid and equilibrium was established within 30 min. Kinetic studies showed better applicability for pseudo-second-order model and equilibrium data was best fitted to Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of malathion was feasible, endothermic and spontaneous. The concentration of malathion was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.     

A 2D image-based multiphysics model for lifetime evaluation and failure scenario analysis of self-healing ceramic-matrix mini-composites under a tensile load

We propose a multi-physics numerical model for a self-healing ceramic matrix mini-composite under tensile load. Crack averaged PDEs are proposed for the transport of oxygen and of all the chemical species involved in the healing process and studied in the dimensionless form to perform the most appropriate discretization choices concerning time integration, and boundary conditions. Concerning the fibres’ degradation, a slow crack growth model explicitly dependent on the environmental parameters is calibrated using a particular exact solution and integrated numerically in the general case. The tow failure results from the statistical distribution of the fibres’ initial strength, the slow crack growth kinetics, and the load transfer following fibres breakage. The lifetime prediction capabilities of the model, as well as the effect of temperature, spatial variation of the statistical distribution of fibres strength, and applied load, are investigated highlighting the influence of the diffusion/reaction processes (healing) on the fibre breakage scenarios.     

基于近似权重计算的网络安全威胁评估方法

传统的AHP方法由于判断值受人为影响因素太大,导致在衡量多因素权重时常常出现结果不一致,影响结论的准确性和评估结果的可信性。本文以网络风险评估中的威胁评估为例,建立基于“威胁对资产的影响一安全属性一攻击”的威胁评估模型,利用层次化的计算模型评估威胁的风险等级,从给出的区间判断矩阵入手,将区间判断矩阵一致逼近到一般的数字判断矩阵,得到各层元素的近似权重。通过实例验证,该方法能精确地、自动量化实时风险势态状况。     

多层陶瓷电容器的技术现状及未来发展趋势

重点介绍了片式多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)的技术现状,综述了多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)的小型化、高容量、贱金属化及环保化的发展趋势。     

生态学视角下我国建筑陶瓷行业发展趋势研究

我国建筑陶瓷产量已连续15年保持世界第一,但其成长的极限在哪里?本文用Malthusian模型和logistic 模型对我国过去20年的建陶生产情况进行了分析,然后根据生态学相关理论,对我国建陶的未来发展趋势进行了分析和判断,最后绘制了我国建陶未来发展趋势曲线,并对其中可能出现的情况进行了分析.     

多壁碳纳米管基质固相分散萃取-HPLC法测定蔬菜中的啶虫脒残留

建立了以多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为萃取剂的基质固相萃取（MSPD）、HPLC测定蔬菜中啶虫脒残留的方法。将样品与工业级碳纳米管、无水硫酸镁混合研磨后装柱,并用乙酸乙酯洗脱,高效液相色谱法测定。采用C8柱（3.0mm×100mm,1.8μm）分离,甲醇-水（3∶2,v/v）为流动相,流速0.10mL/min,紫外检测波长250nm,进样量2.5μL,柱温为30℃。结果表明,该方法对蔬菜样品中啶虫脒的回收率为84.0%¹06.0%,精密度为0.1%¹2.5%,方法最低检出限为0.0085mg/L。该法简便、快速、准确。