基于改进K-Means聚类的煤炭交易者信誉度划分

针对目前煤炭销售中存在的煤炭质量信息分散性与质量计价政策对其质量精确性要求的矛盾,提出了采用对初始聚类中心优化选取的K-Means聚类算法,对大型煤炭企业及其联盟客户煤炭质量检验数据进行系统分析和挖掘,获得双方质量检验行为统计规律,进行交易双方信誉度等级划分,将不确定性的质量指标转化为确定性的交易者质量检验行为评价。该研究一方面可为煤炭企业在发生交易者质量纠纷情况下合理划分质量检验责任提供参考,监督和指导矿井和客户的质检管理工作;另一方面可以为煤炭企业提供销售决策辅助支持。     

基于光学测角和无线数据传输技术的传递对准

为了解决动基座传递对准中航向角估计困难的问题,提出了基于光学测角和无线数据传输技术的传递对准技术方案。通过对航母舰体挠曲变形模型的建立和对光学测角原理的分析,构建了相应的卡尔曼滤波器。仿真结果表明,利用卡尔曼滤波能够估计出姿态误差角和光学测量装置自身的等效零偏。当对光学测量装置的等效零偏补偿之后,航母在匀速航行条件下,姿态误差和速度误差都可以得到快速的收敛,其中航向角误差可以在4 s内收敛到0.7'以内,明显提高了子惯导航向角的对准速度。     

一种无线传感器网络链式传输分簇路由协议

由于周围环境对无线传感器网络(WSNs)的影响,在布设到特殊环境下时会产生信号的衰减与损耗,导致通信不畅。针对此问题,提出一种以LEACH路由协议为基础适应特殊环境(长直空间)的新型路由算法。本算法采用链式传输,即从内部逐一将信号传输给距空间最外端且距基站位置较近的簇头,克服了内部节点死亡过快的问题。同时簇内采用链式传输并且改进簇头阈值与成簇半径,减小了能量消耗,提高了稳定性,克服了LEACH算法的不足。     

Miscibility and fracture toughness of thermoplastic polyurethane/poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber ternary blends with special reference to the blend composition

Ternary blends of thermoplastic polyurethane and a poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blend were investigated in this work. The blends, with weight ratios of 100/0, 80/20, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20, and 0/100, were prepared via melt blending. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the blends with ratios of 20/80 and 80/20 were miscible, whereas the 40/60 and 60/40 blends were partially miscible. IR spectroscopy studies showed shifts in the peaks due to specific interactions in the blends. The blends showed degradation behavior between the blend components. The fracture toughness was investigated with the J‐integral by the locus method; the components and the miscible blends had good fracture toughness, whereas the other blends had lower toughness. Similar behavior was observed for the tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the morphological variations in the blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1763–1770, 2005     

Synthesis and fluorescence properties of aromatic‐aliphatic copolyamides

The aromatic‐aliphatic copolyamides were synthesized by condensation polymerization of aromatic diamine PPD (or APS, where PPD is p‐phenylene diamine and APS is aminophenyl sulfone), aliphatic diamine HDA (or EDA, where HDA is hexanediamine and EDA is ethylenediamine), and TPC (where TPC is terephthalyl chloride) with different molar ratios of aromatic diamine to aliphatic diamine. The steady‐state fluorescence of these condensed copolymers was investigated. These copolyamides exhibit strong blue‐to‐green fluorescence. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 315–321, 2005     

Comparative study of the physical aging of the epoxy systems BADGE n = 0/m‐XDA and BADGE n = 0/m‐XDA/PEI

The physical aging of the epoxy network consisting of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, m‐xylylenediamine, and polyetherimide was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature and the variation of the specific heat capacities have been calculated using the method, based on the intersection of both enthalpy–temperature lines for glassy and liquid states. The apparent activation energy (E_H) was calculated using a single method that involved separate temperature and excess enthalpy dependency. All calorimetric data were compared with those obtained for the epoxy network without thermoplastic. thermoplastic. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3931–3935, 2006     

Preparation and self‐assembly of poly(diglycidyl maleate‐co‐stearyl methacrylate)

Poly(diglycidyl maleate‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) (P(DGMA‐co‐SMA)) with reactive epoxy groups was synthesized by reaction of poly(maleic anhydride‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) (P(MA‐co‐SMA)) and epichlorohydrin. The effect of precipitant on self‐assembly behaviors of the resultant copolymer was investigated. It was found that vesicles and nanotubule liked aggregates can be obtained through self‐assembly of P(DGMA‐co‐SMA) in THF solution using CH₃CH₂OH (EtOH) as precipitant while spheral aggregates can be obtained using H₂O as precipitant. The mechanism of the self‐assembly behavior was discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2 and polymer nanocomposite films with high refractive index

Novel nanocomposite films of TiO₂ nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers having polar groups, poly (bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin) or copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride, with high refractive indices, high transparency, no color, solvent‐resistance, good thermal stability, and mechanical properties were prepared by incorporating surface‐modified TiO₂ nanoparticles into polymer matrices. In the process of preparing colloidal solution of TiO₂ nanoparticles, severe aggregation of particles can be reduced by surface modification using carboxylic acids and long‐chain alkyl amines. These TiO₂ nanoparticles dispersed in solvents were found not to aggregate after mixing with polymer solutions. Transparent colorless free‐standing films were obtained by drying a mixture of TiO₂ nanoparticles colloidal solution and polymer solutions in vacuum. Transmission electronic microscopic studies of the films suggest that the TiO₂ nanoparticles of 3–6 nm in diameter were dispersed in polymer matrices while maintaining their original size. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the nanocomposite film has good thermal stability and the weight fraction of observed TiO₂ nanoparticles in the film is in good accordance with that of theoretical calculations. The refractive index of nanocomposite films of TiO₂ and poly(bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin) was in the range of 1.58–1.81 at 589 nm, which linearly increased with the content of TiO₂ nanoparticles from 0 to 80 wt %. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Experimental and theoretical study of membrane-aerated biofilm reactor behavior under different modes of oxygen supply for the treatment of synthetic wastewater

This study compares, experimentally and theoretically, five different modes of supplying oxygen to a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), and search for the more efficient ways of treating wastewaters. A single-tube MABR was used to measure the decrease of an organic substrate (sodium acetate) in water by supplying oxygen in different modes, namely: (1) by feeding the membrane tube either with oxygen or air (or none of them); (2) in some cases by simultaneous sparging air to the residual water. The dynamics of the substrate and oxygen consumption were measured during the batch experiment, and two mathematical models are developed to predict their transient responses using a Monod kinetic with dual substrate limitation. The models predict biomass growth and the production of extracellular polymer substances (EPS), which in turn causes the biofilm to grow; they account for the counter-diffusion of substrate and oxygen within the EPS structure that contains the cells, and one of them incorporates the mass transport by convection and diffusion in the surrounding liquid contained inside the interconnected pores and channels within the biofilm. Transport and kinetic parameters are estimated from experiments, and both models successfully predict concentration measurements in some of the set of experiments. It was found that all of the modes of oxygen supplied in a MABR were more efficient than the traditional suspended cell process.     

Study of Hydrodynamics,Mixing and Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer in a Split‐Rectangular Airlift Reactor

Global hydrodynamic characteristics, liquid mixing and gas‐liquid mass transfer for a 63 L split‐rectangular airlift reactor were studied. Correlations for gas holdup and overall liquid circulation velocity were derived for the air‐water system as a function of the specific power input; these were compared to data and correlations for reactor volumes between 4.7 L and 4600 L. A partial recirculation of small bubbles in the riser was observed when U_gr > 0.03 m/s, which was attributed to the use of a single‐orifice nozzle as the gas phase distributor. The dimensionless mixing time and the overall axial dispersion coefficient were nearly constant for the range of gas flow rates studied. However, values of K_L/d_B were greater than those reported in previous studies and this is caused by the partial recirculation of the gas phase in the riser. While scale effects remain slight, the use of a gas distributor favouring this partial recirculation seems adequate for mass transfer in split‐rectangular airlift reactors.