新型建筑墙体材料及墙体保温技术

随着经济发展,新型建筑企业在国家的建设中不断崛起。在建筑中,墙体的施工是整个建筑的重要环节。因此,对于新型墙体的需求量逐渐增多。施工人员对墙体材料应进行熟悉,熟悉墙体的保温技术,这是现代建筑的重--求。     

单臂热电元件的热电性能测试方法比较研究

用固相反应法制备(Ca_1-x Y_x) MnO₃(x分别为0、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.09 mol)热电材料, 用自制设备测试样品的热电性能, 研究Y³⁺掺杂对CaMnO₃热电性能的影响。结果表明:Y³⁺掺杂可以有效地改善样品的热电性能, 其中(Ca_0.91Y_0.09) MnO₃样品的热电性能较优; 当高温端温度为880 K时, 测得电阻率为74 m Ω · m, Seebeck系数为-112 μV/K, 输出功率达到68 mW。     

蜂蜡对大豆分离蛋白/羧甲基纤维素复合材料性能的影响

研究蜂蜡对大豆分离蛋白/羧甲基纤维素复合材料性能的影响。当蜂蜡添加量增加,复合材料的颜色变黄;透明度、水蒸气透过率和断裂伸展率降低,氧气透过率升高。      

介孔SiO2负载1,8-萘二酸酐结构表征及其荧光性能

分别利用单孔道MCM-41和双模型介孔分子筛(BMMs)作为载体通过氨丙基改性和负载荧光分子1, 8-萘二酸酐制备有机-无机杂化发光材料, 并采用XRD、TEM、SEM、BET、FT-IR、PL等手段对样品进行了结构表征.结果表明:具有双模型介孔结构的BMMs所制备的有机-无机杂化材料, 其发射峰位置(444 nm)较负载到单孔道的MCM-41中所制备的杂化材料的发射峰位置(450 nm)蓝移更明显, 主要原因是由于BMMs和MCM-41的颗粒形貌和大小不同所致.BMMs为球形颗粒(50 nm), 而MCM-41则为不规则颗粒且大小分布不均(1~3μm).     

Effects of Various Disinfection Methods on the Material Properties of Silicone Dental Impressions of Different Types and Viscosities

There is an ongoing search for novel disinfection techniques that are not only effective, cheap, and convenient, but that also do not have adverse effects on the properties of dental impressions. We compared the effects of various methods (UVC, gaseous ozone, commercial solution, and spray) on the dimensional change, tensile strength, and hardness of silicone impressions. Moreover, as a secondary aim, we performed a statistical comparison of the properties of nondisinfected addition (Panasil Putty Soft, Panasil monophase Medium, Panasil initial contact Light) and condensation silicones (Zetaplus Putty and Oranwash L), as well as a comparison of materials of various viscosities (putty, medium-bodied, and light-bodied). Our results revealed that addition silicones had higher dimensional stability, tensile strength, and Shore A hardness compared to condensation silicones. Both traditional (immersion and spraying) and alternative methods of disinfection (UVC and ozone) had no significant impact on the tensile properties and dimensional stability of the studied silicones; however, they significantly affected the hardness, particularly of Oranwash L. Our study demonstrated that, similarly to standard liquid disinfectants, both UVC and ozone do not strongly affect the material properties of most silicones. However, before recommendation, their usefulness for each individual material should be thoroughly evaluated.     

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.     

From Cyclo[18]carbon to the Novel Nanostructures—Theoretical Predictions

In this paper, we present a number of novel pure-carbon structures generated from cyclo[18]carbon. Due to the very high reactivity of cyclo[18]carbon, it is possible to link these molecules together to form bigger molecular systems. In our studies, we generated new structures containing 18, 36 and 72 carbon atoms. They are of different shapes including ribbons, sheets and tubes. All these new structures were obtained in virtual reactions driven by external forces. For every reaction, the energy requirement was evaluated exactly when the corresponding transition state was found or it was estimated through our new approach. A small HOMO–LUMO gap in these nanostructures indicates easy excitations and the multiple bonds network indicates their high reactivity. Both of these factors suggest that some potential applications of the new nanostructures are as components of therapeutically active carbon quantum dots, terminal fragments of graphene or carbon nanotubes obtained after fracture or growing in situ in catalytic reactions leading to the formation of carbonaceous materials.     

Current Knowledge on Interactions of Plant Materials Traditionally Used in Skin Diseases in Poland and Ukraine with Human Skin Microbiota

Skin disorders of different etiology, such as dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, wounds, burns, and others, are widely spread in the population. In severe cases, they require the topical application of drugs, such as antibiotics, steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors. With milder symptoms, which do not require acute pharmacological interventions, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products of plant material origin are gaining greater popularity among professionals and patients. They are applied in various pharmaceutical forms, such as raw infusions, tinctures, creams, and ointments. Although plant-based formulations have been used by humankind since ancient times, it is often unclear what the mechanisms of the observed beneficial effects are. Recent advances in the contribution of the skin microbiota in maintaining skin homeostasis can shed new light on understanding the activity of topically applied plant-based products. Although the influence of various plants on skin-related ailments are well documented in vivo and in vitro, little is known about the interaction with the network of the skin microbial ecosystem. The review aims to summarize the hitherto scientific data on plant-based topical preparations used in Poland and Ukraine and indicate future directions of the studies respecting recent developments in understanding the etiology of skin diseases. The current knowledge on investigations of interactions of plant materials/extracts with skin microbiome was reviewed for the first time.     

An Introduction to Spiral Steroids

In addition to classical steroids, which have cholesterol as a precursor, there are steroids with 7-dehydrocholesterol as a precursor. This review describes the identification of these steroids, their biosynthesis, and some aspects of their function. There are three classes of these compounds, distinguished by the number of their carbon atoms, 23, 24, and 25. Each class has a spiral steroid and is a phosphodiester. Up until these investigations, no spiral steroids or steroid phosphodiesters were known. There are at least 13 compounds, of which six have been purified to near homogeneity; each one has been characterized by its mass and proposed composition, and they function by regulating the NaK-ATPase. Based on the tissues in which they have been detected, each class of compound seems to regulate a different isoform of the NaK-ATPase. This is an important site of endocrine regulation.     

Comparative Study on Selected Properties of Modified Polyurethane Foam with Fly Ash

The aim of the article is to compare two types of fly ash (from the fluidized and pulverized coal combustion process) as a filler for rigid polyurethane foam. Pulverized fly ash (PFA) is widely used in building materials, while fluidized fly ash (FFA) is not currently recycled, but landfilled. The produced rigid polyurethane foams were reinforced with 5 and 10% by weight addition of fly ash from two different types of boilers. The foaming process, physical properties, morphologies and thermal degradation were subject to comparative analysis. The research indicated that fly ash intensifies the reactions of foam synthesis, most commonly, polyurethane (PU) foam with an addition of 10% PFA. What is interesting is that both ashes can be used in PU foam technology as they do not cause deterioration of the physical parameters. As shown, the addition of filler affects the morphology and impairs the brittleness. Additionally, the use of fly ash from coal combustion in the technology of polyurethane materials complies with the guidelines of the circular economy stated in the European Union legislation. Partial replacement of petrochemical components with waste filler also reduces the total energy consumption in the production of PU composites.