Preparation and characterization of GaN films grown on Ga-diffused Si （111） substrates

Hexagonal GaN films were prepared by nitriding Ga2O3 films with flowing ammonia. Ga2O3 films were deposited on Ga-diffused Si (111) substrates by radio frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering. This paper have investigated the change of structural properties of GaN films nitrided in NH3 atmosphere at the temperatures of 850, 900, and 950℃ for 15 min and nitrided at the temperature of 900℃ for 10, 15, and 20 rain, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the structure, surface morphology and composition of synthesized samples. The results reveal that the as-grown films are polycrystalline GaN with hexagonal wurtzite structure and GaN films with the highest crystal quality can be obtained when nitrided at 900℃ for 15 min.     

表面氧化层对TiMn1.25Cr0.25储氢合金活化性能的影响

通过TiMn1.25Cr0.25合金粉活化前在空气中暴露不同的时间,探讨了表面氧化层的形成对其活化性能的影响。活化测试结果表明：合金的活化难度随着合金在空气中暴露时间的延长而加大。俄歇电子能谱(AES)结果表明,在空气中暴露后的合金表面形成了一层大约6nm-10nm厚的表面氧化层,正是这层氧化层的形成加大了合金的活化难度。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明合金的活化过程与合金的碎化有着密切的联系。     

灾害中生活类物资的供应分析——以汶川地震重灾区物资供应为例

救灾生活类物资在供应中面临着优化运输路线、降低运输成本、缩短运输时间3个难题。文章采用相关机会多目标规划模型,以汶川地震为例,总结并完善了自然灾害救助中的多物资的协作供应模式,为突发性重大灾害中多物资的协作供应的组织、实施、管理提供参考支持。     

Atomic Insights into Phase Evolution in Ternary Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides Nanostructures

Phase engineering through chemical modification can significantly alter the properties of transition‐metal dichalcogenides, and allow the design of many novel electronic, photonic, and optoelectronics devices. The atomic‐scale mechanism underlying such phase engineering is still intensively investigated but elusive. Here, advanced electron microscopy, combined with density functional theory calculations, is used to understand the phase evolution (hexagonal 2H→monoclinic T′→orthorhombic T_d) in chemical vapor deposition grown Mo_{1− x} W _x Te₂ nanostructures. Atomic‐resolution imaging and electron diffraction indicate that Mo_{1− x} W _x Te₂ nanostructures have two phases: the pure monoclinic phase in low W‐concentrated (0 < x ≤ 10 at.%) samples, and the dual phase of the monoclinic and orthorhombic in high W‐concentrated (10 < x < 90 at.%) samples. Such phase coexistence exists with coherent interfaces, mediated by a newly uncovered orthorhombic phase T_d′. T_d′, preserves the centrosymmetry of T′ and provides the possible phase transition path for T′→T_d with low energy state. This work enriches the atomic‐scale understanding of phase evolution and coexistence in multinary compounds, and paves the way for device applications of new transition‐metal dichalcogenides phases and heterostructures.     

复合型导电高分子材料研究进展

简述了复合型导电高分子材料的研究及发展,并对其导电机理、基体树脂、导电填料的研究概况进行了述评,介绍了其在各领域中的应用．     

记忆与延续——浅析苏州博物馆与宁波博物馆建筑设计

博物馆建筑,是一个城市文化的象征,如何使博物馆具有文化感,体现传统的审美文化,又具有新的设计元素,引导人类审美意识,苏州博物馆与宁波博物馆做了比较好的探索。     

The effects of container size, frequency and extended horizontal reach on maximum acceptable weights of lifting for female industrial workers

In the development of our present manual materials handling (MMH) guidelines (Snook, S.H., Ciriello, V.M., 1991. The design of manual tasks: revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics 34, 1197-1213), the assumption was made that the effects of frequency on maximum acceptable weights (MAWs) of lifting with a large box (hand distance, 38 cm from chest) were similar to that of lifting with a small box (hand distance, 17 cm from chest). The first purpose of the present experiment was to investigate this assumption with female industrial workers. The second purpose was to study the effects of extended horizontal reach lifting (hand distance, 44.6 cm from chest) on MAWs as a confirmation of the results of a previous studies on this variable with males (Ciriello, V.M., Snook, S.H., Hughes, G.J., 1993. Further studies of psychophysically determined maximum acceptable weights and forces. Hum. Factors 35(1), 175-186; Ciriello, V.M., 2003. The effects of box size, frequency, and extended horizontal reach on maximum acceptable weights of lifting. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 32, 115-120). Lastly, we studied the effects of high frequency (20 lifts/min) on MAWs of lifting. Ten female industrial workers performed 15 variations of lifting using our psychophysical methodology whereby the subjects were asked to select a workload they could sustain for 8h without "straining themselves or without becoming unusually tired weakened, overheated or out of breath". The results confirmed that MAWs of lifting with the large box was significantly effected by frequency. The frequency factor pattern in this study was similar to the frequency pattern from a previous study using the small box (Ciriello, V.M., Snook, S.H., 1983. A study of size distance height, and frequency effects on manual handling tasks. Hum. Factors 25(5), 473-483) for all fast frequencies down to one lift every 2 min with deviations of 7%, 15%, and 13% for the one lift every 5 and 30 min tasks and the one lift in 8h task, respectively. The effects of lifting with an extended horizontal reach decreased MAW 22% and 18% for the mid and center lift and the effects of the 20 lifts/min frequency resulted in a MAW that was 47% of a 1 lift/min MAW. Incorporating these results in future guidelines should improve the design of MMH tasks for female workers.     

Synthesis and characterisation of alumina pillared Texas montmorillonite and determination of the effective Keggin ion charge

Controlled calcination of Texas montmorillonite has allowed production of a range of materials of cation exchange capacity from 70 mequiv./100 g dry clay to virtually zero. Pillaring of these with Chlorhydrol precursor solution has then provided a family of materials of pillar density ranging from about one per six unit cells to zero. The analytical technique based on isomorphous metal dilution (IMD) that follows pillaring is validated. The results provide a consistent value for the precursor (Keggin) ion charge, in the conditions normally used, of 3.15±0.10 rather than the formal value of 7. An approach to the attainment of pillar densities consistent with the introduction of shape/size selectivity on pillared layered materials is outlined.