基于刀具磨损速率的刀具设计及优化

为了改善钛合金紧固件环槽车削加工中刀具磨损严重的问题,运用正交实验法,对刀具的前角、后角、刀尖半径等几何参数与刀具磨损速率之间的关系进行研究,得到不同刀具参数下的刀具磨损速率。通过数据分析,建立刀具磨损速率预测模型。采用最小二乘法对预测模型进行参数辨识,运用粒子群算法对预测模型进行求解,得到磨损速率最小时刀具的几何参数,同比磨损率最大时下降了13.4%,为切槽车刀的制造提供了理论依据。     

Finite element simulation of flexible roll forming with supplemented material data and the experimental verification

Flexible roll forming is a promising manufacturing method for the production of variable cross section products. Considering the large plastic strain in this forming process which is much larger than that of uniform deformation phase of uniaxial tensile test, the widely adopted method of simulating the forming processes with non-supplemented material data from uniaxial tensile test will certainly lead to large error. To reduce this error, the material data is supplemented based on three constitutive models. Then a finite element model of a six passes flexible roll forming process is established based on the supplemented material data and the original material data from the uniaxial tensile test. The flexible roll forming experiment of a B pillar reinforcing plate is carried out to verify the proposed method. Final cross section shapes of the experimental and the simulated results are compared. It is shown that the simulation calculated with supplemented material data based on Swift model agrees well with the experimental results, while the simulation based on original material data could not predict the actual deformation accurately. The results indicate that this material supplement method is reliable and indispensible, and the simulation model can well reflect the real metal forming process. Detailed analysis of the distribution and history of plastic strain at different positions are performed. A new material data supplement method is proposed to tackle the problem which is ignored in other roll forming simulations, and thus the forming process simulation accuracy can be greatly improved.     

Practical limitations of superresolution imaging due to conventional sample preparation revealed by a direct comparison of CLSM,SIM and dSTORM

We evaluate the suitability of conventional sample preparation and labelling methods for two superresolution techniques, structured illumination microscopy and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, by a comparison to established confocal laser scanning microscopy. We show that SIM is compatible with standard fixation procedures and immunofluorescence labelling protocols and improves resolution by a factor of two compared to confocal laser scanning microscopy. With direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, fluorophores can theoretically be localized with much higher precision. However, in practice, with indirect immunofluorescence labelling density can be insufficient due to the bulky probes to reveal biological structures with high resolution. Fine structures like single actin fibres are in fact resolved with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy when using small affinity probes, but require proper adjustment of the fixation protocol. Finally, by a direct comparison of immunofluorescent and genetic labelling with fluorescent proteins, we show that target morphology in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy data sets can differ significantly depending on the labelling method and the molecular environment of the target.     

基于遗传算法优化神经网络的镁合金化学机械抛光材料去除模型与仿真

镁合金化学机械抛光(CMP)的材料去除与其工艺参数具有高度非线性的特点,难以采用精确的数学模型来描述。以遗传算法(GA)优化神经网络(NN)建模为基础,利用正交试验设计获取镁合金CMP材料去除样本数据和测试数据,建立镁合金CMP材料去除模型。该模型以抛光压力、抛光盘转速、抛光液流量和抛光时间为输入参数,以材料去除速率为输出目标。结果表明：GA NN协同模型能够构建镁合金CMP工艺参数与材料去除速率的基本关系;其拟合度波动范围为93.22%~97.97%,大大高于NN模型的拟合度波动范围71.56%~93.56%,因而具有更优的预测能力,基本满足工程实际的需求。     

滚动转子式制冷系统制冷剂流型的可视化研究

利用变频滚动转子式制冷系统试验台,研究了压缩机在不同吸气过热度状态下,系统性能与制冷剂/油流型的对应关系,以寻求通过观测流型判断系统是否处于高效、安全运行状态的方法。等水温条件下,分别设定蒸发温度/冷凝温度为:10℃/42℃,20℃/42℃。试验结果表明:不同工况下,制冷剂/油混合物在膨胀阀出口、蒸发器出口表现出不同流型,并根据润滑油、制冷剂理化性质上的差异做初步分析,对试验现象进行解释,并得出蒸发器的换热性能随吸气过热度的变化规律。     

多翼离心风机叶轮的正交设计与试验分析

风机叶轮是吸油烟机的核心部件,每次吸油烟机的更新换代都离不开多翼风机叶轮结构改型,因而对叶轮结构参数的优化对吸油烟机的风量、风压等性能指标的改善提升有着重要意义。本文利用CFD方法结合正交表对吸油烟机用多翼叶离心风机叶轮的关键参数进行优化,计算了多个工况点的值,并且将仿真结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的可靠性,为后续方案改进评估提供依据,随后以全压为优化目标,选定叶轮4个关键参数,并利用正交法生成了叶轮参数组合,通过仿真计算及对结果的极差法分析,得出了相对最优组合,绘制了P-Q曲线,并且加工了优化前后的实物叶轮,进行了风量风压测试,测试结果与仿真结果趋势一致,整体性能数据比较吻合,达到了既定的优化目标,同时验证了仿真结果的可靠性。本研究方法可快速准确获得最优方案,对类似产品的设计具有借鉴意义。     

行星圆柱齿轮正挤压成形数值模拟与试验研究

针对卡车轮边减速器中行星圆柱齿轮提出一种正挤压成形工艺。为了获得更好的齿轮正挤压工艺参数,采用正交试验设计和有限元模拟对齿轮正挤压成形工艺参数进行多目标优化。以最大成形载荷、齿轮塌角高度、锻件最大损伤值和模具磨损为评价指标,研究了凹模入模角、工作带长度、毛坯直径系数、挤压速度和摩擦系数对齿轮成形结果的影响。采用综合平衡分析法确定了显著影响因素并确定了最佳取值,即凹模入模角35°、毛坯直径系数1.20、挤压速度70 mm·s-1。经工艺试验验证,优化后的正挤压成形工艺能够生产质量合格的齿轮。     

3-羟基丙酸的绿色合成法

3-羟基丙酸是一种重要的化工产品,既可以作为精细化工中间体,也可以合成高聚物。综述采用微生物发酵法和化学转化法制备3-羟基丙酸的研究进展,着重介绍化学转化法,通过比较认为化学转化法更具竞争力,具有广阔的发展前景。     

1-(3-氨丙基)-2-甲基咪唑的催化合成、表征及应用

环氧树脂用的咪唑类固化剂多为固体和假性液体(低温下易析出的低熔点固体),工业应用不便。为了制得常温及低温下均呈液体的便于工业应用的咪唑固化剂,以1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑作为基本原料,骨架镍为催化剂,液氨为副反应抑制剂,乙醇作为溶剂,加压催化氢化合成液体咪唑固化剂1-(3-氨丙基)-2-甲基咪唑,考察氢气压力、液氨用量和催化剂循环使用次数对产率的影响,并通过元素分析、核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱对产物进行确证。结果表明,优化的反应条件为:反应温度100℃,氢气压力5 MPa,m(1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑)∶m[骨架镍(湿重)]∶m(液氨)∶m(乙醇)=139∶27.8∶42.5∶278,此条件下,产率可达96%。产物低至-35℃也不凝固,能良好地固化环氧树脂,表现出优异的工业适用性和固化性。     

超声微波耦合催化合成蔗糖脂肪酸酯

通过超声微波耦合作用,采用无溶剂法制备蔗糖脂肪酸酯,研究催化剂类型、催化剂用量、超声微波功率、酯糖物质的量比和反应温度对蔗糖脂肪酸酯产率的影响。结果表明,超声微波耦合对蔗糖与脂肪酸甲酯的酯交换反应具有良好的促进作用,超声微波耦合作用下,蔗糖和脂肪酸甲酯能够形成较为良好的乳化状态。有机钛催化剂对蔗糖与脂肪酸甲酯的酯交换反应具有极佳的催化性能,与碱催化剂相比,具有用量少和活性高的特点。以钛酸四异丙酯为催化剂,在超声微波耦合体系中,蔗糖脂肪酸酯最高产率可达86.6%,其中,产品单酯含量为92.7%。