Analysis of weight distribution strategies in unilateral transtibial amputees during the stand-to-sit activity.

Current methods of quantifying the stand-to-sit activity (StTS) are resource intensive and have not been applied to unilateral transtibial amputees (TTAs). The purpose of this study is to define five phases of arm-rest assisted and unassisted StTS using simple instrumentation and implement this method for assessing TTA movement patterns. Twelve TTAs and 12 age-matched non-amputees performed StTS with and without arm-rest support. Symmetry of weight distribution between lower limbs was calculated for five StTS phases: Descent Initiation; Descent Deceleration; Seat-Contact; Stabilisation and Sitting. TTAs demonstrated an asymmetrical weight distribution pattern and a tendency to transfer weight to the intact limb during the course of the activity. Non-amputees had relatively higher symmetry and did not exhibit substantial weight shifts during the activity. Symmetry indices were similar for assisted and unassisted sitting in both subject groups. These results highlight a need for therapeutic interventions in TTAs for reducing loading asymmetries and associated co-morbidities.     

Feedback control of nonlinear stochastic systems for targeting a specified stationary probability density

In the present paper, an innovative procedure for designing the feedback control of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear stochastic systems to target a specified stationary probability density function (SPDF) is proposed based on the technique for obtaining the exact stationary solutions of the dissipated Hamiltonian systems. First, the control problem is formulated as a controlled, dissipated Hamiltonian system together with a target SPDF. Then the controlled forces are split into a conservative part and a dissipative part. The conservative control forces are designed to make the controlled system and the target SPDF have the same Hamiltonian structure (mainly the integrability and resonance). The dissipative control forces are determined so that the target SPDF is the exact stationary solution of the controlled system. Five cases, i.e., non-integrable Hamiltonian systems, integrable and non-resonant Hamiltonian systems, integrable and resonant Hamiltonian systems, partially integrable and non-resonant Hamiltonian systems, and partially integrable and resonant Hamiltonian systems, are treated respectively. A method for proving that the transient solution of the controlled system approaches the target SPDF as t→∞ is introduced. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed design procedure.     

脱氢枞酸的应用研究进展

综述了脱氢枞酸用于合成表面活性剂、具有生物活性的物质和手性催化剂,及其在抗老化、手性试剂拆分和在导电材料等方面的应用研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

A FORMULA FOR THE INVERSE AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION OF AN AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESS

Abstract. The determination of the inverse autocorrelation function of a weakly stationary autoregressive process using the autocorrelation function is considered. Usually this is carried out either by using frequency domain methods or by solving first the parameters of the process and then using them. In this paper we give a simple formula by which the inverse autocorrelation function can be determined directly from the autocorrelation function.     

单纯手法复位与手法复位加敏使朗口服治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕疗效分析

目的 比较单纯手法复 位 和 手 法 复 位 加 口 服 抗 眩 晕 药 治 疗 后 半 规 管 良 性 阵 发 性 位 置 性 眩 晕（PC ？BPP V ） 的疗效。方法 将2004 年1 月～2011 年6 月期间收治的236 例 BPP V 患 者 随 机 分 为 两 组, 对 照 组 112 例采用单纯手法复位, 治疗组124 例在手法复位基础上加敏使朗口服, 两组均于治疗后1 周和3 个月时复查, 比较其疗效。结果 治疗后1 周时, 对照组和治疗组的有效率分别为86 .61 % 和89 .52 % , 治疗后3 个月时对照组有效率92 .86 % （104／112 ） , 治疗组有效率为93 .54 % （116／124 ） , 两者比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0 .05 ） 。结论 单纯手法复位法和手法复位加口服抗眩晕药物治疗 BPP V 疗效相当。     

中空纤维分子印迹复合膜选择性分离萘普生对映体

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维超滤膜为支撑膜,S-(+)-萘普生为模板分子,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,制备了分子印迹复合膜。通过紫外光谱法研究了模板分子与功能单体之间的相互作用,比较了热聚合和光聚合两种引发方式对膜形貌和性能的影响。试验结果表明,分子印迹聚合物膜中存在着三维空间结构和功能基均与模板分子互补的孔穴组成的通道,该通道可选择性地透过S-(+)-萘普生,在压力和亲和力的协同作用下,最大分离因子可达6.19。     

手性樟脑磺酸的合成及表征

以樟脑粉为原料合成了消旋樟脑磺酸;采用l-苯甘氨酸为拆分剂,经拆分、纯化分离得到了手性樟脑磺酸。合成消旋樟脑磺酸的适宜工艺条件为：反应时间25 h,浓硫酸的滴加速度0.5～1.0 mL/min,反应温度10℃,消旋樟脑磺酸的收率85.6%,熔点195～201℃。拆分的适宜工艺条件为：物料比n（dl-樟脑磺酸）∶n（l-苯甘氨酸）=1∶0.95,d-樟脑磺酸拆分收率64%,熔点194～196℃,[α]2D0=＋23°（C=5,H2O）;l-樟脑磺酸拆分收率90.8%,熔点197～198℃,[α]2D0=-22.5°（C=5,H2O）。样品经熔点、旋光率、红外光谱等检测方法,证明与目标产物一致。     

基于多尺度积视觉特性的多聚焦图像融合算法

针对传统多尺度图像融合算法不能有效抑制噪声的缺陷,提出一种基于提升静态小波变换（LSWT）多尺度积的多聚焦图像融合算法,并在LSWT域中引入了局部可见度以及局部视觉特性对比度的概念.在融合低频子带系数和各高频子带系数时,分别提出了基于局部可见度和基于多尺度积的局部视觉特性对比度的系数选择方案.实验表明,该算法不仅能有效抑制噪声对融合算法的影响,而且能够得到比传统方法视觉效果更好和更优量化指标的融合图像.     

Stereoelective polymerization of β-butyrolactone

Racemic β-butyrolactone was polymerized using chiral initiators obtained from the reaction of organometallic derivatives (ZnEt₂, CdMe₂, AlEt₃) with R(−) 3,3 dimethyl-1,2 butanediol. With the zinc initiator, R(+) enantiomer is preferentially incorporated in the polymer chain with a stereoelectivity ratio r_R equal to 1.6. Crude polymer was fractionated into a crystalline, predominantly isotactic, part and an amorphous heterotactic part, both optically active. Sites of different stereospecificities, present in the initiator, are all active for the stereoelective polymerization. With the cadmium initiator, S(−) enantiomer is preferentially polymerized (r_s = 1.01), extending homosteric-antisteric rules previously established for thiiranes. Aluminium initiator leads to an homosteric process (r_R = 1.1). Chiroptical properties (o.r.d. and c.d.) of polymers prepared with zinc initiator show a predominance of R-configurational units, indicating that ring-opening occurs by O-acyl cleavage with retention of configuration.     

液滴在热液相介质中上升汽化时的传热与传质

本文分析了液滴在不互溶的液相介质中上升汽化时的传热和传质,导出了数模,进行了数值求解,获知在泡滴与液相接触的汽液边界处温度下降和浓度升高,存在着溶液的过冷(或过饱和)边界层。实验结果与数模计算结果表明,该模型能够较好地预測液滴汽化的整体特性。