A high pressure solubility apparatus for gases of high solubility

An apparatus is described for measuring gas solubilities at high pressure for gases of moderate to high solubility. Solvent, supplied by a metering pump, is continuously saturated with gas as it flows down a spiral rod. Gas is continuously supplied by means of a calibrated piston pump to provide a constant pressure. The solubility is determined from the relation between the solvent rate and the gas consumption required to achieve saturation. The solubilities of two chemically reactive gases, propene and isobutene, are reported for the solvents n-butanol, chlorobenzene and n-octane for three temperaturres, 298, 323 and 343 K, and a range of pressures from 0.2 to 1.9 MPa.     

萃取-吸附耦合法处理氯苯硝化过程废水的研究

研究了氯苯废水的环己烷萃取工艺,以及采用不同吸附剂对废水处理结果的影响因素和规律,氯苯废水经环己烷萃取-粉煤灰吸附耦合技术处理能达到国家排放标准GB8978-1996。     

正丁醇-氯苯-苯乙酮三元体系等压汽液平衡的测定与关联

正丁醇-氯苯常压下存在最低共沸现象,首先应用汽液平衡法从6种备选溶剂中筛选出苯乙酮作为最佳萃取剂,然后分别测定了正丁醇-氯苯、正丁醇-苯乙酮、氯苯-苯乙酮3个二元体系以及正丁醇-氯苯-苯乙酮三元体系在101.33 kPa下的汽液平衡数据。所有实验数据都通过了Herington法和Van Ness法的热力学一致性检验,采用Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC 3种活度系数模型进行关联计算,其二元拟合数据与实验数据吻合较好。使用关联得到的二元交互参数推算三元汽液平衡数据,并与实验值进行对比,偏差在合理范围以内。结果表明,苯乙酮作为萃取剂可以有效地改变正丁醇与氯苯的相对挥发度,在溶剂质量比为1：1时能够使共沸现象消失。为工业上使用萃取精馏分离正丁醇-氯苯体系提供参考,也为汽液平衡数据库补充新的内容。     

SO42-/WO3-ZrO2催化剂上硝基氯苯的区域选择性合成研究

制备了一系列钨锆原子比不同的SO4^2-/WO3-ZrO3固体酸催化剂，并对其进行了表征；研究了WO3的不同含量和不同焙烧温度条件下制备的催化剂对硝酸硝化氯苯的区域选择性。结果表明：在醋酐存在下，600℃焙烧的SO4^2-/WO3-ZrO3(0.15)催化剂催化下，氯苯与等物质的量的硝酸反应，其产物具有强对位选择性，氯苯一硝化产物中邻/对硝基氯苯异构体的质量比达0.30，产物得率可达55.8％。该反应快速，并将对硝基化合物的绿色合成产生极其重要的影响。     

Cobalt Aluminate Formation in Alumina-Supported Cobalt Catalysts: Effects of Cobalt Reduction State and Water Vapor

The gas phase hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene (at 523 K) was studied over Ni/SiO₂ (prepared by precipitation-deposition and impregnation) and Ni-impregnated Al₂O₃, MgO, activated carbon and graphite; the Ni loading spanned the range 1.5-20.3% w/w. The activated catalysts (with and without precalcination) were characterized by TEM/H₂ chemisorption and the Ni particle size (distribution) is related to HDC activity. The levels of reversibly and irreversibly held Cl on the used catalysts were recorded: spent Ni/MgO bore the highest residual Cl. The reaction is structure sensitive, with an increase in specific HDC rate at higher (average) Ni particle sizes over the range 1.4–22.1 nm. The exception to this trend is Ni/graphite and (to a lesser extent) Ni/Al₂O₃, where Ni-support interactions are responsible for the lowering HDC activity.     

Photocatalytic degradation of chlorobenzene using solar and artificial UV radiation

In this work photocatalytic degradation of chlorobenzene has been studied using solar and artificial UV radiations. The effect of pH and the presence of different anions on the degradation of chlorobenzene has been studied for both cases. Chlorobenzene has been found to be a strongly adsorbing and hence rapidly degrading species when subjected to photocatalysis. The effect of pH in the range of 3–10 and the presence of different anions at a concentration of 0.1 mol dm^?3 on the adsorption was studied. Both pH and the presence of anions affect adsorption and the degradation but the overall effect is negligible (<5%). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

金属剥离与衬底腐蚀等平面自对准OHR技术研究

开发了一套OHR(OverhangResist)技术。在原来剥离工艺的基础上,增加苯处理和高温烘烤工艺,使光刻胶掩膜既保持有利于剥离的形状,腐蚀时又不发生钻蚀,完成自对准腐蚀与等平面的金属剥离。这一技术可以广泛地应用于MEMS和集成电路加工工艺中,使器件工艺简化,降低成本,提高质量。     

苯乙烯型树脂脱除四溴双酚A废水中氯苯的动力学研究

实验研究了四溴双酚A生产废水中的氯苯在苯乙烯型大孔树脂上的吸附行为,考察了氯苯初始浓度、溶液pH值及温度对吸附性能的影响;探讨吸附氯苯的动力学过程,测定了氯苯在不同温度下的吸附等温线.结果表明:吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附模型,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,其相关系数大于0.99;在温度283 K、pH值为1.0～2.0、氯苯溶液质量浓度为6 612 mg/L条件下,树脂饱和吸附量为267.8 mg/g.     

五氧化二氮对氯苯的选择性硝化研究

对硝基氯苯是偶氮染料和硫化染料的重要中间体.本文研究了在HZSM-5分子筛催化下,五氧化二氮对氯苯的硝化反应.该方法通过改变硝化剂,不仅成功地避免了浓硫酸的使用,而且提高了原子经济性,具有良好的环境效益.实验考察了反应温度、反应时间,催化剂用量及Si/Al对反应结果的影响.研究表明,在最佳反应条件下,氯苯硝化反应得率达到70%,对位选择性为85%.     

合成4-硝基-4′-氯二苯甲酮的新途径

对硝基苯甲酸和二氯亚砜在氯苯中回流数小时氯化后，在无水三氯化铝作用下酰化，得到4－硝基－4′-氯二苯甲酮。通过条件试验和正交试验进行优化。产品结构经IR、^1HNMR、MS测定证实。