原煤斗堵塞原因及改进措施

公司2#炉三台钢制、方锥形原煤斗时常发生堵煤、篷煤现象,发生时造成了给煤机断煤,锅炉负荷突然间急剧变化,时刻威胁着设备的安全使用,给锅炉主、辅机乃至全厂机组和电网的安全稳定运行带来了极大的隐患。本次改造采用新型压延微晶煤斗衬板与疏松机相结合,堵煤、篷煤现象得到了根本解决。     

纳米氧化锌/低密度聚乙烯膜中锌向食品的迁移研究

目的研究纳米氧化锌/低密度聚乙烯膜(low density polyethylene film,LDPE)中锌(Zn)向食品的迁移行为,探究其迁移规律。方法选取2种食品模拟物(3%乙酸及超纯水)及真实食品(食用白醋及瓶装水),在3种不同实验温度下(70、40及20℃),研究锌向食品模拟物的迁移规律。采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)表征纳米ZnO/LDPE膜的表面形貌。结果锌向酸性模拟物中的迁移率远远大于水性模拟物中的迁移率,其中锌向酸性模拟物中的最大迁移率分别为22.7%,20.3%及18.6%(ZL-1,ZL-2及ZL-2#),向水性模拟物中的最大迁移率分别为9.9%,5.7%及4.9%(ZL-1,ZL-2及ZL-2#);锌向酸性食品的迁移量(1.59~5.03 mg/g)同样高于向水性食品的迁移量(2.98~24.60μg/g);随着纳米ZnO的初始含量变大迁移率变小;而偶联剂的加入对锌的迁移有一定的抑制作用。随着纳米ZnO浓度的增加,在薄膜中观察到纳米ZnO的不规则形貌。结论纳米ZnO/LDPE膜不适合在高温下包装食物,且其在酸性食品中的安全隐患高于水性食品。     

纳米氧化锌对低密度聚乙烯的改性研究

用钛酸酯偶联剂对氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粒子进行表面改性后,与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合制成ZnO/LDPE纳米复合材料.对该复合材料进行红外光谱、热重以及扫描电镜分析,并讨论ZnO质量分数对复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、硬度、耐溶剂性能的影响.结果显示,改性后的ZnO纳米粒子在LDPE基体中分散良好;ZnO纳米粒子的加入提高了复合材料的热稳定性;随ZnO质量分数的增大复合材料的拉伸强度先增加后减小,冲击强度逐渐减小,而硬度以及耐溶剂性能均逐步提高.     

超高分子量聚乙烯/聚苯胺导电针织物的应变传感性能

为制备超高分子量聚乙烯/聚苯胺复合导电纱线,以超高分子量聚乙烯（Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE）长丝纱为基材,对其进行常压等离子体预处理后采用基于原位聚合的纱线连续导电处理方法制备了超高分子量聚乙烯/聚苯胺（UHMWPE/PANI）复合导电纱线。利用制得的复合导电纱线制备了圆筒状纬平针织物作为应变传感器,进行了传感织物的应变-电阻传感性能研究。研究结果表明：导电针织物表现出明显的应变-电阻传感性能,其电阻随应变的增大先增大,至一定值后随着应变的增大而减小。传感织物具有较高的敏感度,在应变小于20%时,其传感因子可达30以上。多次拉伸时,传感织物的传感重复性逐渐提高,拉伸3次以后,传感织物表现出良好的传感重复性。     

月桂酸纤维素酯/聚乙二醇相变储能纤维的制备及其性能

为获得具有优良相变储能性能的超细纤维,将聚乙二醇(PEG)链接到月桂酸纤维素酯(LACE)上,得到LACE/PEG接枝聚合物溶液后,用静电纺制备了LACE/PEG相变储能纤维;研究了纺丝液中PEG质量分数对所得纤维形态、相变储能及力学性能的影响,并通过水洗及循环热稳定性实验,分析了所得纤维的使用性和有效性。结果表明:含有不同PEG质量分数的LACE/PEG溶液均可纺制光滑的圆柱状纤维,但随PEG质量分数增加,纤维直径及相变焓增加,均一性及力学性能下降;由于PEG与LACE均具有相变行为,且二者之间靠化学键链接,使LACE/PEG纤维不仅具有较高相变焓及适中的相变温度,而且相变过程可逆,热循环稳定性良好,是一种具有较高使用价值的相变储能纤维。     

芳纶/超高分子量聚乙烯织物增强聚氨酯夹芯复合材料制备及其力学性能

为开发出一种柔性防护材料,采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)与芳纶制备的平纹织物作为增强面板,软式聚氨酯(PU)作为芯材,利用纺织技术与一体发泡技术相结合制备了具有良好缓冲性能的夹芯结构柔性复合材料。同时,选用面密度相同的锦纶非织造布及玄武岩平纹布作为增强面板对比材料,对3类夹芯复合材料进行静态与动态力学性能测试。结果表明:芳纶/UHMWPE织物增强夹芯复合材料的力学性能优良,经向拉伸断裂强力为1 930 N,断裂伸长率为5.8%;纬向拉伸断裂强力为1 744 N,断裂伸长率为6.5%;在7.5 mm处进入压实阶段,压缩形变为93%;冲击破坏强力为1 260 N, 吸收的总能量为13.4 J,能量密度为4.95 J/g;芳纶/UHMWPE织物增强夹芯复合材料在保证质轻的基础上,具有良好的能量吸收效果。     

编织管增强型聚乳酸中空纤维膜结构及其性能

为制备兼具高强度、高分离精度的聚乳酸(PLA)中空纤维膜,采用同心圆复合纺丝技术,分别制备了PLA同质编织管与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)异质编织管增强型PLA中空纤维膜。考察聚乙二醇(PEG)相对分子质量对PLA增强膜结构和性能的影响,并通过物理反冲洗、超声水浴振荡实验研究了同质、异质编织管表面分离层与增强体界面结合性能。结果表明:随PEG相对分子质量的增大,纤维膜的表面孔径逐渐减小,渗透通量先增大后减小,牛血清蛋白截留率先增大后保持稳定,添加PEG相对分子质量为10 000的增强膜的渗透通量最大且分离效果最佳;增强膜与同质编织管的界面结合性能明显优于异质的。     

氧化聚乙烯复合乳液的制备及其应用

以氧化聚乙烯为原料,用石蜡和液态萜烯树脂等材料复合改性,采用常压熔融逆转乳化工艺制备了一种O/W型氧化聚乙烯复合乳液,并探讨了其制备工艺条件和乳化剂的选用。制得的该乳液性能优良,适用于作纸品上光防潮涂料、造纸剥离剂和造纸施胶剂。     

Treatment capability of an up-flow anammox column reactor using polyethylene sponge strips as biomass carrier

The feasibility of applying a polyethylene (PE) sponge as a biomass carrier in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor and its nitrogen removal performance were also investigated. Experiments were carried out in an up-flow column reactor with synthetic inorganic wastewater. Experimental results indicate that reactor containing PE sponge biomass carriers showed a high nitrogen removal capability and exhibited stable performance. In addition, the reactor with 8 strips PE sponge as biomass carrier exhibited greater adaptation capacity compared to that with 6 strips and could achieve a high TN removal rate within a very short period. The ratio of NO₂-N removal and NO₃-N production to NH₄-N removal for the reactor was 1.26:0.21. Furthermore, to investigate the bacterial composition of the mature community, 16S rRNA sequences were amplified by PCR and analyses were conducted using DNA databases. Results showed that a new kind of anammox microorganism (Kumadai-1) was the dominant species in the reactor when using PE sponge as a biomass carrier.     

Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles

Phthalic acid and phthalate esters are of growing interest due to their significant usage and potential toxicity. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass are both widely used materials for bottled drinking water. In this study, phthalic acid (PhA), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiisoBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were analysed in a large number of Italian bottled water samples. These samples showed different concentrations of phthalates are nearly 20 times higher in samples bottled in PET than those from glass bottles with total levels of phthalates of 3.52 and 0.19 µg l^?1, respectively. However, the observed levels do not represent a significant exposure pathway when considering the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) reference dose (an estimate of a daily oral exposure to the human population, including sensitive subgroups, that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime). In addition, no significant correlation was found between the phthalate concentrations and the physicochemical properties of the different water samples, apart from the still/sparkling water parameter for the PET samples. In this instance, slightly higher concentrations were observed for the PET bottled still water samples than for the sparkling water samples, although no explanation has been found yet.