Erosive wear of selected metals in coal washing environments

A slurry erosive wear apparatus developed by the authors has been used to test the erosive wear behaviour of selected metals in coal washing environments. The erosive wear test machine was employed to determine the effects of (1) carbon content in carbon steels, (2) chromium content in alloy steels, and (3) corrosion of aqueous solutions on the erosive wear behaviour of metals. The test results revealed that the carbon content in annealed carbon steels slightly affects the erosive wear resistance of metals, while the increase in chromium content of alloy steels apparently improves the erosive wear resistance of metals and, when a corrosion inhibitor is added to slurries, the erosive wear rates of metals reduces significantly. Two types of micro-mechanism were deduced from the observation of eroded surfaces by SEM: (1) local exfoliation, and (2) micro-cutting. The corrosion inhibitor can alter the micro-mechanism from local exfoliation to micro-cutting. The analyses show that the erosive wear of selected metals in slurries results from the synergistic effects of wear by solid particles plus fluid corrosion.     

装饰防护镀铬工艺的正交试验研究第二部分——装饰镀铬品质异常的原因和处理

分析了装饰镀铬品质异常的原因。提出了预防与处理针孔、麻点、粗糙、烧焦、起皮、裂纹、鼓泡、剥落、镀层厚度不均、CASS试验不合格和生锈变黄等故障的方法。     

壳聚糖-生物炭复合材料对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能试验研究

以壳聚糖（CTS）和生物炭（AC）为原料,采用原位沉淀法制备了壳聚糖-生物炭（CTS-AC）复合材料,研究了吸附时间、铀初始浓度、初始pH值、温度和干扰离子等因素对CTS-AC吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,探讨了CTS-AC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学、等温线,采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM-EDS）及比表面积分析（BET）等手段进行了相关机理分析。实验结果表明,CTS-AC吸附U(Ⅵ)的最佳条件为：pH=4、CTS-AC投加量0.8～1 g/L、吸附时间240 min,在此条件下,最大吸附率可达94.85%。CTS-AC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线模型符合Langmuir模型,U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学符合准二级模型;高浓度Cu²⁺对CTS-AC吸附U(Ⅵ)的抑制作用明显;FT-IR、XRD和EDS结果表明,CTS的负载未改变AC的原结构,仅增大了其孔径、增加了结合位点。CTS-AC对U(Ⅵ)的吸附机制为配位作用以及离子交换。     

Radiation induced decontamination of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol in some tannery effluents

Industrialization has led to a number of environmental problems, such as release of toxic metals and other toxic organic and inorganic compounds to the environment. Among all, the rapid expansion of leather related industries in Pakistan have resulted in considerable environmental problems and effluents from processing of both domestic and imported hides and skins have increased pollution to alarming levels. Some tannery effluents of Peshawar area investigated in the present study showed high concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) (2.7-12.6 mg/L), Cu(Ⅱ) (2.6-11.4 mg/L) and phenol (0.1-4.2 mg/L). These contaminants are very toxic and must be removed from effluents before releasing into water bodies. A new technique of gamma irradiation has been investigated to decrease the load of COD and concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol associated with tannery effluents to the permitted values. It was observed that concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in the effluents can be brought to the permitted level by applying radiation dose of 3 kGy. A radiation dose of 2.5 kGy was required to remove more than 95% of Cu(Ⅱ) and 100 % degradation of phenol in tannery effluents could be achieved by only one kGy of radiation dose.     

酯化改性花生壳吸附水中Cr（Ⅵ）的研究

研究了乙酸酯化改性花生壳在不同的pH值、不同温度、不同的用量等条件下对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附情况。结果表明,酯化改性花生壳对Cr（Ⅵ）有很强的吸附能力,在60 min内可以迅速达到吸附平衡,最大去除率可达98.7%,溶液的pH对吸附特性有较大影响,最佳吸附pH为1左右;吸附温度对吸附影响不大,升高温度吸附去除率略有上升。     

Precipitation of Thorium or Uranium(VI) Complex Ion with Cobalt(III) or Chromium(III) Complex Cation, (III)

Chloride ion (foreign ion) effect on the precipitation of thorium or uranium (VI) sulfato, carbonato and oxalato complex ions has been studied. The results are in correlation with the chemical species present in the solution.

The precipitation of highly-charged complex ions is affected by chloride ion and the precipitation yield decreases with chloride salt concentration. The precipitation of sulfato complex ion shows only slight dependency on the chloride salt concentration because of the absence of highly-charged sulfato complex ion under the experimental conditions.     

固溶时效处理对QCr1铸件性能的影响

研究了固溶及时效处理对铬青铜QCr1铸件力学性能及电导率的影响。研究结果表明,固溶温度不应超过1 030℃,时效处理后强度随时间先升后降,时效温度越高,可达到的强度峰值的时间越短,峰值强度越低。优化后的规范使QCr1铸件的强度及电导率均满足DIN系列相关标准要求。     

葡萄糖和没食子酸与Cr(Ⅵ)氧化还原反应动力学特性比较研究

水解类植物多酚单宁酸水解后可产生葡萄糖及没食子酸 ,其水解产物葡萄糖和没食子酸 ,在一定条件下能与Cr(Ⅵ )发生氧化还原反应 ,可用于制备铬鞣剂。用光谱法模拟研究了单宁酸水解物葡萄糖和没食子酸与Cr(Ⅵ )反应发生的条件、影响其反应速率的主要因素及动力学特征 ,结果表明 :葡萄糖与Cr(Ⅵ )氧化还原反应的温度保持在 1 0 0℃ (微沸 ) ,而且当反应时间到达 3 0min以上时 ,才能达到平衡 ;Cr(Ⅵ )的浓度较酸度变化更明显地影响反应速率 ;没食子酸的反应活性较葡萄糖的反应活性高得多 ,在常温下也能较快进行 ,温度在45℃ ,反应在 5min左右可达平衡 ,还原产物主要为有机小分子酸类物质。     

有机氟硅烷对玻璃表面的浸润改性

为研究有机氟硅烷对玻璃表面润湿性的影响,利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷对普通玻璃表面进行化学修饰,在玻璃基体表面形成含有-CF3的强疏水性基团。通过控制试验温度和处理时间,研究了不同处理条件下玻璃表面的疏水效果的变化趋势。通过对玻璃表面进行不同程度的打磨处理,研究了玻璃表面粗糙度对表面接触角的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面粗糙度测试仪和红外光谱(FTIR)对玻璃表面处理后形貌、粗糙度和化学结构进行了观察和表征,利用表面接触角仪测定了不同处理条件后玻璃表面的接触角。结果表明,浸润时间与温度的增加在一定范围内均可提高玻璃表面疏水性,且表面粗糙度的增加有利于疏水性能的提高。最终通过将表面粗糙化与表面化学修饰相结合,使玻璃表面获得优异疏水性能,表面接触角最高可达到127.9°。     

电镀铬镍混合废水的絮凝处理

采用化学絮凝法对电镀含铬、镍废水进行了处理,确定了复合絮凝剂的种类和最佳配比,选择了最佳工艺条件,pH=8.70,搅拌t为30min,絮凝沉积t为12h,并对处理前后铬镍废水的质量浓度进行了检测。结果表明,铬的去除率为99.93%,镍的去除率为99.95%,处理后的废水中铬质量浓度降至0.12mg/L,镍质量浓度降至0.26mg/L,符合国家允许的排放标准,可作为电镀车间的循环用水。