洪水期岸滩崩塌有关问题的研究

结合洪水期堤岸渗透与崩塌的特点,以岸滩稳定分析为基础,本文重点研究了崩滩与渗透险情的关系、洪水浸泡河岸及水位升降等对崩岸的影响。研究结果表明,岸滩崩塌对河岸堤基的渗透和渗透破坏(管涌、流土)有重要的促进作用,作者推导了堤后(或堤脚)发生流土破坏的临界内滩宽度公式;洪水长期浸泡后,河岸土壤的内摩擦角和内聚力有较大幅度的减小,河岸稳定系数减小;对于黏土岸滩,洪水迅速上涨期间,水压力对河岸的稳定是有利的,而洪水骤降时,河岸崩塌的几率增大;对于非黏土岸滩,洪水缓慢上涨期间,河岸稳定性变化不大,而洪水缓慢下降后,岸滩稳定系数减小。     

钻井液用无荧光仿沥青NFA-25的性能评价与应用

钻井液用无荧光仿沥青NFA-25是为克服常规磺化沥青的缺点而研制的.介绍了NFA-25的合成方法、性能指标、防塌机理及现场应用效果.NFA-25既含有水溶组分,又含有油溶组分,油溶组分中含有软化点不同(50～150 ℃)的成分.NFA-25能与水、土乳化、结合,形成可压缩性滤饼,起到封堵、防塌、降低高温高压滤失量的作用.介绍了NFA-25在轮古油田LG-52井、南缘区块东湾一井和埕北油田CB251E-平1井的应用情况.     

荔浦市岩质崩塌形成条件及失稳运动特征

通过对荔浦市境内碳酸盐岩区岩质崩塌及该区域地质环境条件的调查,总结了岩质崩塌的规模、发育高度、控制结构面等发育特征,分析了岩质崩塌形成条件,并判断岩质崩塌的失稳运动特征.本文以一处危岩为例,用无人机进行三维扫描并分析其形成原因及预测其失稳运动特征.     

基于突变级数法的拉裂—滑移式黄土崩塌稳定性分析

为研究拉裂—滑移式黄土崩塌的稳定性问题,分别采用极限平衡法和突变级数法得到崩塌体的最小安全系数计算公式和稳定性评价模型,以正交试验法得到的25个试验边坡为算例进行对比分析,得到拉裂—滑移式黄土崩塌稳定性评判准则,并进行实例验证.结果 表明,各控制变量中,对崩塌体稳定性影响最大的为边坡坡角,最小的为黄土的天然重度;利用突...     

白涧铁矿南区复杂地层钻探施工技术

邢台白涧铁矿南区地层岩石破碎、部分地层含角砾、胶结性差、漏失严重,钻探施工中存在掉块卡钻、缩径、坍塌、埋钻及孔内泥浆全部漏失等难题。通过优化钻孔结构、使用新工艺、新方法,合理选择钻进参数,采用绳索取心钻进配合预留技术套管,有效解决了上部煤系地层的坍塌问题;采用反丝套管的方法,极大地减轻了由于地层缩径、掉块引起的套管下不到位、起拔困难等风险;常规型绳索取心钻杆替代套管方法的采用,提高了含角砾、松散地层的穿过速度,减少了钻探工作量的报废,加快了施工进度;特别是高胎体双水口钻头的使用,提高了钻进效率,节约了钻探施工成本,项目得以如期完成。     

Collapse behavior evaluation of hybrid thin-walled member by stacking condition

The recent trend of vehicle design aims at crash safety and environmentally-friendly aspect. For the crash safety aspect, the energy absorbing members should absorb collision energy sufficiently but for the environmentally-friendly aspect, the vehicle structure must be light weight in order to improve the fuel efficiency and reduce the tail gas emission. Therefore, the light weight of vehicle must be achieved in a securing safety status of crash. An aluminum or carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is rep...     

Evaluation of wind load integration in disproportionate collapse analysis of steel moment frames for column loss

The design of steel structures, in most cases, depends majorly on the level of wind loads which are prescribed by codes and regulations and are used in the structural analysis due to the fact that steel structures being light and ductile systems are strongly affected from a slight difference in the values of wind loading. During the last decades, disproportionate collapse analysis has become of major interest mainly due to the increasing number of failures occurring in that pattern. Commonly accepted guidelines and methods of analysis have been produced, the most dominating of which being the Department of Defense Facilities criteria or DoD. In the DoD, as well as in other criteria, the event of a column loss is suggested as the modeling scenario which has to be sustained by a structural system in order to be robust. However, all the guidelines so far have disconnected the column loss analysis from wind loads and have only performed it for gravity loading. This paper presents the dynamic time history disproportionate collapse analysis of steel frames, including various levels of wind loading. Interesting aspects are discussed through the parametric analysis of five different numerical examples of moment resisting frames.     

Consequence-based structural design approach for black swan events

The metaphor of black swan refers to unpredictable events like 9/11, the Indian Ocean tsunami, or the Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing, that cause catastrophic consequences for structural system safety. The likelihood of occurrence for such unforeseen events cannot be estimated from the observed data or prognosticated by experts. The absence of event and likelihood information renders futile the application of usual risk-based methods for design. Therefore, a shift from the probabilistic approach to consequence-based structural design is necessary for coping with the unexpected demands. This is accomplished through the conceptual development of a system capacity oriented design approach, where structural members are designed for variable reliabilities based upon their contribution to causing adverse system consequences. Information about general structural integrity encoded in the stiffness matrix is applied, using member consequence factors ranging from 0 to 1, for determining a member’s contribution towards system response. The structural system is designed using member consequence factors as additional partial factors on the resistance side of the design equations. The consequence-based scheme does not need a triggering hazard event (or its likelihood) and is an apt structural design approach for black swan events.     

Evaluation of impending collapse in circular tunnels by analytical and numerical approaches

On the basis of a straightforward analytical approach which has been recently proposed by the present authors, a comparison with numerical procedures to predict plastic collapse in circular rock tunnels is reported. In fact, numerical modeling of the evolution of progressive failure leading to collapse in tunnels is a quite complicated matter and requires great care in modeling the problem and interpretating the results. In order to provide a guide to engineers facing rock limit state problems, a few examples by means of three commercial packages are presented, discussed in details and confronted with the analytical results.     

用于连续体与非连续体共存转化计算的质点元方法

为了进行建筑结构倒塌全过程的力学模拟,针对建筑结构倒塌数值模拟梁壳单元几何、材料、接触三重非线性且连续体向非连续体转化的动力计算问题,提出了显式有限元与离散元的统一模型“质点元方法”,该方法通过定义广义连接模型、构造连接模型转化法则和建立接触碰撞算法,将显式有限元与离散元统一于相同的计算框架之下,较好地继承了有限元的单元技术、本构技术以及离散元的非连续体计算能力,具有效率优先、精度可调的特点。通过某框架剪力墙结构计算表明,质点元方法能够用于建筑结构倒塌的连续体与非连续体共存及转化的强非线性动力计算。