离子液体--未来化学工业中的绿色溶剂

对于大多数使用挥发性有机化合物作为溶剂的合成过程来说 ,离子液体是挥发性有机化合物的有效替代品。本文介绍了离子液体的特点、制备方法和现阶段的应用情况     

洗涤剂、化妆品、表面活性剂与绿色化学

阐述了绿色化学的概念，结合日用化工中洗涤剂、化妆品以及表面活性剂的绿色化进行了探讨。酶制剂将成为洗涤剂的主要组分，绿色生物材料甲壳低聚糖将广泛应用于日化等多种领域中。     

Effect of chromium aging on the structural and thermal properties of chromium polyacrylate

The effects of aging time of Cr(III) solutions on the structural, thermal, magnetic, and morphological properties of chromium polyacrylate complexes were studied. Chromium retention was found to increase with longer aging periods. IR spectra revealed the formation of polychelate structures with noticeable changes on aging. The interaction of multivalent, polynuclear Cr(III) species with the polymer backbone resulted in a decrease in thermal stability for the complexes prepared from olated chromium solutions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 490–493, 2005     

氟两相体系及其在有机合成中的应用

简要介绍了氟化学的发展历史,结合绿色化学和绿色合成技术,介绍了氟化学、全氟溶剂、氟两相体系和氟代催化剂的概念,特性,对氟两相体系在有机合成和催化反应中的应用以及研究进展作了综述。     

苯酚改性脲醛树脂合成工艺及性能的研究

用苯酚作为改性剂,采用高温(90℃)缩聚反应合成改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂,改进了合成工艺,缩短了反应时间。通过引入苯环改善了耐水、耐老化性能。分析了各因素对改性脲醛树脂的影响,得到甲醛、尿素、苯酚摩尔比为10:8:1时树脂性能最佳,胶合强度和木破率均达到GB／T 17656-1999标准规定值。     

定容条件下火药实际燃烧规律的数值模拟

为研究火药的实际燃烧规律,建立了定容条件下火药燃烧的修正数学模型,分析了火药实际弧厚的分布及变化、点火不同步和燃速系数变化等因素对火药实际燃烧规律的影响。在此基础上,用考虑综合因素的修正数学模型对定容条件下火药的实际燃烧过程进行了模拟,计算值与实验结果具有较好的一致性,说明修正模型所建立的假设及处理方案是合理的。     

FOF-18结构与性能的量子化学研究

用B3LYP法,在6-31G基组水平上优化了FOF-18的几何构型,得其稳定的几何构型;在振动分析的基础上求得体系的振动频率、IR谱;采用Monte-Carlo方法预估了密度;设计等键等电子反应计算了生成焓;运用Kamlet公式预测爆速、爆压和爆热;将计算性能与CL-20的性能作比较。结果表明,FOF-18整个分子呈N字形,且存在7个强吸收峰,密度2.06g/cm3、生成焓501.03kJ/mol、爆速9411.82m/s、爆压42440.76MPa、爆热6637.46kJ/kg,该化合物的性能与CL-20接近。     

Unsteady radiative heat transfer within a suspension of ZnO particles undergoing thermal dissociation

An emitting, absorbing, and anisotropically scattering plain medium containing a suspension of ZnO particles is considered, in which the particles are directly exposed to high-flux irradiation and undergo shrinkage during their endothermic dissociation into Zn(g) and O₂ at above 2100 K. The unsteady energy equation that links the rate of radiative heat transfer to the rate of the chemical reaction is formulated and solved numerically by the finite volume technique and the explicit Euler time-integration scheme. The path-length Monte Carlo method is applied for modeling the radiative transfer within the suspension using the absorption/scattering coefficients and the scattering phase function obtained from the Mie theory. It is found that the particle suspension can be heated rapidly from its initial 300 K to over 1800 K in less than 0.1 s, resulting in a more uniform temperature profile as the reaction progresses, particles shrink, and the suspension becomes optically thinner. The chemical conversion increases with decreasing initial particle diameter and volume fraction due to the efficient radiative absorption.