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81.
A presumed joint probability density function (pdf) model of turbulent combustion is proposed in this paper. The turbulent fluctuations of reactant concentrations and temperature are described using a presumed joint pdf of three-dimensional Gaussian distribution based on first and second-order moments of reactant concentration and temperature. Mean reaction rates in both premixed and diffusion combustion are obtained by mean of integration under the presumed joint pdf. This model is applied to predict turbulent premixed combustion of sudden-expansion flow and turbulent jet diffusion methane/air flame. For turbulent premixed combustion, the predicted results of temperature distribution and maximum temperature using the proposed model agree better with the experiment than that using the conventional eddy-breakup (EBU)-Arrhenius model. For the turbulent jet diffusion methane/air flame, the predicted results of velocity, temperature and species concentrations using the proposed model, the Arrhenius, EBU-Arrhenius, and laminar flamelet models are compared with experiment data. Results obtained with the presumed pdf model and that obtained by the laminar flamelet model both agree well with experiments, while results using the other models have a significant difference. The presumed joint pdf model is used to predict the NO formation process, which also agrees well with the experiment data. A unified turbulent combustion model, in which both effects of turbulent diffusion and chemical dynamics are considered, is established for both premixed and diffusion combustion, especially for the process of NO formation. 相似文献
82.
L. N. Bortnikov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2007,43(4):378-383
This paper reports results of an analysis of experimental data on the combustion of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture in a reciprocating
internal combustion engine cylinder. The completeness of combustion of the mixture is shown to depend on the amount of hydrogen
in the fuel mixture and the composition and physicochemical properties of the mixture. In particular, the conditions of addition
of hydrogen to the gasoline-air mixture with active chemical action on the combustion process and the action of hydrogen as
an additional fuel component are determined. A dimensionless universal relation is proposed that allows one to uniquely determine
the initial composition of the fuel mixture (hydrogen to gasoline ratio) to accomplish combustion of the fuel mixture at the
lean combustion limit.
__________
Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 8–14, July–August, 2007. 相似文献
83.
Simulation of swirling combustion and NO formation using a USM turbulence-chemistry model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A unified second-order moment (USM) turbulence-chemistry model is used to simulate methane-air swirling combustion and NO formation for different swirl numbers. The simulation results are compared with those using the EBU-Arrhenius (E-A) combustion model, the simplified PDF model of NO formation in turbulent flows and the corresponding experimental results. The comparison indicates that the USM model is obviously better than the E-A model and the simplified PDF model. The E-A model cannot reasonably simulate the finite-rate kinetics, while the simplified PDF model, using a product of two single-variable PDF's instead of a joint PDF, remarkably under-predicts the NO reaction rate. The USM model gives the best agreement with the experimental results. Predictions show that as the swirl number increases the total NO formation at first decreases and then increases, which is in agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
84.
Behavior of ignition and combustion of coal particle cluster under a quiescent condition was numerically simulated by solving balance equations of mass and enthalpy with combustion kinetic models of volatiles and char. Two-flame structure, one flame penetrating into the cluster and the other moving out of the cluster, was predicted during the combustion of coal particle cluster. Effects of radiative heat transfer, group number, ambient temperature, coal particle size, and oxygen concentration on ignition and combustion of coal particle clusters were also analyzed. Simulations indicated that the gas volume fraction of coal particle cluster increases with time after devolatilization. Gas velocity passing through the cluster surface varied significantly at volatile liberation. The ignition time delay was reduced with the increase of ambient temperature. The cluster devolatilization rate and char burning rate increased while the ignition time delay decreased with the increase of ambient oxygen concentration. 相似文献
85.
二甲醚燃烧用掺杂钡、镍六铝酸盐催化剂的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
二甲醚是易液化,便于运输,清洁化的新能源。当作为燃料使用时,采用催化燃烧的方法能使得燃烧的起燃温度降低和提高燃烧转化率,克服了普通燃烧的缺点,实现了清洁燃烧。对二甲醚催化燃烧用的催化剂BaNiAl11O19-δ进行了制备与研究。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备六铝酸盐催化剂BaNiAl11O19-δ,考察其对新能源二甲醚催化燃烧反应的活性,并用TG—DTA对催化剂的性质进行考察。结果表明,加入经800℃焙烧4h后又在1200℃焙烧了2h的催化剂,比未加催化剂的燃烧体系T10降低了50℃。用溶胶一凝胶法制备的六铝酸盐催化剂BaNiAl11O19-δ对二甲醚催化燃烧反应具有较高的催化活性。 相似文献
86.
S. R. Dargar L. J. Groven J. J. Swiatkiewicz J. A. Puszynski 《International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis》2007,16(3):125-132
The primary objective of this investigation was focused on in-situ densification of SHS composites synthesized from nanoreactants.
Simultaneous combustion synthesis and densification technique was utilized and it was found to be an effective method to form
dense intermetallic-ceramic composites. In this research study, two nanoreactant energetic systems, Al-TiO2 and Ni-Al-Al2O3, were explored. In-situ combustion synthesis and densification experiments were conducted in a uniaxial press with densification
pressures up to 200 MPa and preheating capability of 1500K. The experiments were conducted in both vacuum and Ar atmosphere.
Samples of titanium aluminides-alumina composites with density in the range of 95–98% have been obtained at a preheating temperature
of 860°C and pressure of 100 MPa. Reactants and SHS-produced materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, and DSC/TGA. In
addition, more fundamental studies of the reaction kinetics as a function of average particle size of aluminum nanopowders
were conducted using DSC.
相似文献
87.
Z. A. Mansurov R. G. Abdulkarimova N. N. Mofa N. K. Umarova T. A. Shabanova 《International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis》2007,16(4):213-217
New ceramic composites have been synthesized upon combined use of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) of SiO2, its thermal carbonization (followed by baking), and SHS in a mixture of thus activated (carbonized) SiO2 with Al powder. MCT and thermal carbonization were found to result in formation of fiber-like carbon structures on the surface
of silica particles. The rigid carbon frameworks formed on the surface of silicon dioxide were found to improve the physicochemical
properties of resultant carbon-containing refractory materials.
相似文献
88.
The catalytic activity of Pt catalysts supported on high surface area tin(IV) oxide in the complete oxidation of CH4 traces under lean conditions at low temperature was studied in the absence and in the presence of water (10 vol.%) or H2S (100 vol.ppm). Their catalytic properties were compared to those of Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3. In the absence of H2S in the feed, Pt/SnO2appears as a very promising catalyst for CH4 oxidation, being even significantly more active under wet conditions than the best reference catalyst, Pd/Al2O3. Catalysts steamed-aged at 873 K were also studied in order to simulate long term ageing in real lean-burn NGV exhaust conditions. To this respect, Pt/SnO2 is slightly less resistant than Pd/Al2O3. In the presence of H2S, Pt/SnO2catalysts are rapidly and almost completely poisoned, comparably to Pd/Al2O3and the catalytic activity is hardly restored upon oxidising treatment below 773 K. A synergetic effect between Pt and specific surface SnO2sites active in CH4oxidation is proposed to explain the superior catalytic behaviour of Pt/SnO2. 相似文献
89.
Combustion tests were carried out with Minto coal in combination with three different limestones in the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot scale (152 mm square x 7.3 m tall) circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) unit. Operating conditions were chosen to be typical of those employed in large-scale CFBC power boilers. Recycling of fine particles captured by the secondary cyclone was found to be of considerable importance in increasing sulphur capture, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing the amount of calcium sulphide in the solids residues. NOx emissions increased as the Ca:S ratio increased. Local gas concentrations inside the reactor were strongly influenced by the core-annulus solids distribution patterns which characterize circulating fluidized beds. 相似文献
90.
D.K. Fidaros 《Powder Technology》2007,171(2):81-95
Controlling the calcination process in industrial cement kilns is of particular importance because it affects fuel consumption, pollutant emission and the final cement quality. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of flow and transport phenomena in the calciner is important for efficient cement production. The main physico-chemical processes taking place in the calciner are coal combustion and the strongly endothermic calcination reaction of the raw materials. In this paper a numerical model and a parametric study are presented of the flow and transport processes taking place in an industrial calciner. The numerical model is based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the gas flow, and on Lagrangean dynamics for the discrete particles. All necessary mathematical models were developed and incorporated into a computational fluid dynamics model with the influence of turbulence simulated by a two-equation (k-ε) model. Distributions of fluid velocities, temperatures and concentrations of the reactants and products as well as the trajectories of particles and their interaction with the gas phase are calculated. The results of the present parametric study allow estimations to be made and conclusions to be drawn that help in the optimization of a given calciner. 相似文献