Effects of surfactants on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a split‐cylinder airlift reactor

Effects of various concentrations (0–5 ppm) of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and non‐ionic (Tween‐80 and Triton X‐405) surfactants on gas hold‐up and gas–liquid mass transfer in a split‐cylinder airlift reactor are reported for air–water. Surfactants were found to strongly enhance gas hold‐up. Non‐ionic surfactants were more effective in enhancing gas hold‐up compared to the anionic surfactant SDS. An enhanced gas hold‐up and a visually reduced bubble size in the presence of surfactants implied an enhanced gas–liquid interfacial area for mass transfer. Nevertheless, the overall gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient was reduced in the presence of surfactants, suggesting that surfactants greatly reduced the true liquid film mass transfer coefficient and this reduction outweighed the interfacial area enhancing effect. Presence of surfactants did not substantially affect the induced liquid circulation rate in the airlift vessel.     

Removal of Arsenic from Wastewaters by Airlift Electrocoagulation. Part 1: Batch Reactor Experiments

Abstract

Arsenic removal from wastewater is a key problem for copper smelters. This work shows results of electrocoagulation in aqueous solutions containing arsenic in a newly designed and constructed 1 L batch airlift reactor. Iron electrodes were used in the cell. The airlift electrocoagulation reactor allowed simultaneously a) anodic Fe²⁺ production, b) Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ oxidation by air or oxygen, and c) precipitate/coagulate formation due to the turbulent conditions in the cell. A series of electrocoagulation experiments were carried out in the batch airlift reactor. The variables were: initial As(V) concentration, use of either a pure oxygen or an air flow, and electric current density. The results showed that the airlift electrocoagulation process could reduce an initial As concentration from 1000 mg L^?1 to 40 mg L^?1–corresponding to a reduction of 96%. At higher initial concentrations (e.g. 5000 mg L^?1 As) the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ seems to be rate determining. Oxidation with compressed oxygen was clearly more efficient than air at high initial As concentration. Arsenate removal from a solution with initially 100 mg L^?1 was efficient with both air and oxygen addition–more than 98% of As precipitated. When the electrocoagulation process was working efficiently, the arsenic removal rate in the cell was found to be around 0.08–0.1 mg As/C. The Fe‐to‐As (mol/mol) ratio, when electrocoagulation was working properly, was in the range of 4–6.     

用于微藻培养的气升式光生物反应器

基于微藻光自养培养特性 ,构建了具有较大面积体积比的 15 L内外光源相结合的气升式光生物反应器 ,考察了两种不同形态藻细胞培养体系中 ,光强随细胞浓度及光程距离衰减的规律 ,得到了描述光衰减的数学关系式 ,即在鱼腥藻 712 0培养体系中为 I=I0 exp[- (0 .0 131+0 .987OD750 )·L],在聚球藻 70 0 2培养体系中为 I=I0 exp[- (- 0 .0 2 39+0 .0 777OD750 )·L],并据此对培养过程中光强沿反应器径向的动态分布情况进行了估算。在该反应器中进行了鱼腥藻 712 0和聚球藻 70 0 2两种蓝藻的光自养培养 ,藻细胞培养终密度分别达到 1.5 3g/ L和 3.4g/ L ,体积产率分别为 0 .31g L-1d-1和 0 .5 7g L-1d-1,说明该反应器适合于微藻的高密度培养     

筒状复杂组合件阴极电泳涂装质量问题的解决办法

分析了防护装备生产过程中筒状复杂组合件阴极电泳涂装时出现阴阳面、表面色彩不均匀、异常附着、缩孔、水滴迹、二次流痕等缺陷的原因,提出了相应的解决办法。     

基于CFD-DEM方法的净化器流场模拟与结构优化

针对空气净化器能耗高的问题,使用离散元方法(DEM)在吸附滤网中建立随机堆积柱形活性炭模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对空气净化器内部流场进行数值模拟,在模拟与实验验证的基础上,考察了压降最小、流场最均匀的吸附滤网结构。结果表明,空气净化器压降主要发生在轴向,活性炭吸附滤网中回流、沟流现象严重,流体阻力是其他两种滤网的3倍。边数对多边形填充孔结构吸附滤网内压降与流场均匀性无影响,当孔结构改为圆形时,压降减小约52 Pa,节能18.4%(49 W);当孔直径由8 mm增至12 mm,压降减小约48 Pa,节能19.4%(45 W);滤网间距对空气净化器压降无影响,圆形、小孔径的吸附滤网内流场最均匀。     

The jet shape of concentric mixers

In this paper, we present an analytical and experimental study of the mixing region and jet shape in concentric mixers. Based on a simple but effective analytical model, we are able to predict the growth of the mixing region with respect to downstream distance. An experimental study is conducted on the concentric mixing of paper fibre stock and water. By comparing with experimental results, we confirm that the shape of the mixing region is a practical indicator of mixing efficiency with the consideration of jet velocity and geometry including the nozzle wall thickness.     

硅油光-热老化气升式反应器数值模拟

为进行液浸聚光光伏系统中液浸液体即二甲基硅油在光热条件下的老化实验研究,设计制作了气升式外环流光催化反应器。采用Fluent软件欧拉多相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型对反应器进行了三维全尺寸数值模拟。分析了结构参数、操作参数和硅油物性参数对反应器中气液两相流动的影响,得到反应器内循环液速和气含率等参数的分布。模拟结果与实验结果有较好的一致性。模拟结果表明:硅油黏度越小,循环液速越大,气含率越小;反应器适宜操作气速不应大于0.02 m/s;反应器最适宜高径比和环隙面积比分别为47.6和0.31~0.41。     

KOH活化丝瓜络制备高比表面积活性炭

为了探讨以丝瓜络为原料制备高比表面积活性炭的最佳条件,通过设计正交实验,研究了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间和升温速率等因素对KOH活化丝瓜络制备活性炭性能的影响。结果表明：KOH活化丝瓜络制备活性炭的最佳条件为：碱炭比为4、活化温度800 ℃,活化时间30 min,升温速率10 ℃/ min。在此条件下制备的活性炭为多孔、非晶型的无定形碳,具有高的比表面积（3545 m2/g）和强的吸附性能,其碘值和亚甲基蓝值分别达到2926 mg/g和528.58 mg/g;为丝瓜络的高值化利用提供了一条有价值的途径。     

GLS—MALR中混合特性的研究

在一具有四室的气-液-固三相多室气升式环流反应器（MALR）中,利用电导脉冲示踪技术研究了空气-水及不同浓度的乙醇水溶液-聚苯乙烯三相物系在MALR中的混合特性（混合时间和波登斯坦准数与两个上升室的表观气速和不同体积浓度的乙醇水溶液间的关系）。实验结果表明,两上升室的表观气速和乙醇溶液的浓度对器内的轴向分散和混合均有影响,但MALR的返混程度是比较小的。     

火车车轮喷砂机自动夹持器圆柱凸轮有限元模态分析

圆柱凸轮是火车车轮喷砂机自动夹持器的重要零部件之一,建立圆柱齿轮的动力学控制方程,利用有限元软件对凸轮进行静力学和模态分析,得出应力云图及固有频率和振型等参数,为后续进行谐响应分析或者瞬态动力学分析提供理论参考。