关于彩色火焰蜡烛的研制

本文阐述了利用焰色反应的原理研制彩色火焰蜡烛，着重分析并解决了在研制工作中出现的几个技术关键，如主燃剂的选取、蜡烛成型和强度、发色剂的选择与用量等．     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene aspartate)-metal complexes

Poly(ethylene aspartate) [PEA] was synthesized by the melt condensation of D,L-aspartic acid and ethylene glycol. PEA containing pendent amino and carbonyl groups in its repeating chain was used as the polymeric ligand for complexation with transition metal ions, viz. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II). Complexation was found to be most effective in DMSO. The resulting polyester-metal complexes were solid coloured materials which have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The thermal stability of the polyester-metal complexes was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). On the basis of the physico-chemical studies, an oxygen and nitrogen coordinated structure for the polyester-metal complexes is proposed.     

苯并口恶嗪-环氧化合物-胺类催化剂体系开环聚合反应的研究

采用TLC，GPC，1H－NMR及IR等分析方法，对苯并恶嗪－环氧化合物－胺类催化剂体系的聚合反应进行了研究，表征了产物结构，并探讨了聚合反应机理，结果表明，苯并恶唪－环氧化合物体系在胺类催化剂如苄胺，咪唑的作用下，能发生开环聚合反应，生成低分子量的聚合物。     

Xylose-lysine model systems: The effect of pH on the volatile reaction products

Aqueous molal solutions of xylose and lysine (initial pH 4–9) were refluxed either with control of the pH at 5–0 or without pH control (final pH 2–6). Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of 58 and 28 compounds, respectively, from the two systems. Furans were the main reaction products in both systems and 2-furfural alone comprised 522 and 999 g kg^?1 of the volatiles, respectively, from the systems with final pH values of 5–0 and 2–6. Maintaining the pH at 5–0 resulted in a higher yield and greater numbers of nitrogen-containing compounds, and monocyclic pyrroles, pyridines and 2,3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines were identified only in that system. Aliphatic compounds, alicyclic compounds, benzene derivatives. l-(2–furfuryl)pyrroles and pyrazines were also identified. This investigation is the first report of the formation of 2.3-dihydro-l H-pyrrolizines in a model system containing lysine as the amino compound; a possible mechanism is proposed.     

新取代苯基荧光酮试剂的合成及其性质的研究Ⅱ．新型取代苯基荧光酮与金属离子显色反应的研究

研究了３，５－二溴－４－氨基苯基荧光酮、３，５－二溴－４－偶氮变色酸等８种苯基荧光酮在酸性介质中与高价金属离子Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）、Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）、Ｗ（Ⅵ）、Ａｌ（Ⅲ）、Ｇａ（Ⅲ）等的显色反应。３，５－位二溴取代的试剂的灵敏度高于未取代的灵敏度，摩尔吸光系数绝大多数在１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１以上。     

Studies on the interactions of metal oxides and Na2 SO4 at 1100 and 1200 K in oxygen

The interaction of different metal oxides such as Co₃O₄, NiO, Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ with Na₂SO₄ at a temperature of 1100 and 1200 K in flowing oxygen has been studied. The thermogravimetric studies for each system were carried out as a function of Na₂SO₄ in the mixture. The presence of different constituents in the reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis and the morphologies of the reaction products were characterized using metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of products was also investigated by thermodynamic computation of free energies of the reactions and the study of relevant equilibrium phase diagrams. The soluble species in the aqueous solutions of the reaction products were determined quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The high temperature interaction products usually contain a 3-phase structure namely, Na₂O·M₂O _x , M₂O _x and metal sulphide and/or metal sulphate. The formation of Na₂O·M₂O _x depends upon the solid state solubility of metal oxide in the molten salt at high temperatures. Under limited solubility conditions Na₂O·M₂O _x is invariably formed, but as soon as this condition is relaxed the oxide. M₂O _x , precipitates and forms a separate phase.     

Ultrasound‐activated Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with carbonylic compounds catalysed by alkaline‐doped saponites

α,β‐Unsaturated nitriles have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of a carbonylic compound with malononitrile, assisted by sonochemical irradiation. Two alkaline‐promoted clays (Li⁺‐ and Cs⁺‐exchanged saponites) have been employed as catalysts. The influence of the carbonylic compound (benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone) and the use of a solvent on the catalytic activity have been studied. Remarkable increase in the conversion values has been found when the reaction is activated by ultrasound, as compared with the thermal activation. In this green, solvent‐free procedure, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been produced in very high yields (97%) when the Cs⁺‐saponite is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

酸催化二甘醇脱水环化反应研究

以硫酸、磷钨酸、ZRP-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了二甘醇(DEG)脱水环化的反应规律。结果表明,DEG发生分子内脱水环化反应,生成1,4-二氧六环(DOX),DEG分子间脱水不仅可以生成四甘醇、六甘醇等,同时可生成三甘醇、五甘醇等一系列的多甘醇(PEG)。不仅DEG可以脱水环化生成DOX,在反应中生成的PEG也同样可以进行生成DOX的反应。对于二甘醇(DEG)脱水环化反应,硫酸是性能优良的催化剂,反应可以在较低的温度下进行,馏出产物中DOX选择性大于95％。     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of La1—xSrxMn1—yCoyO3—δ Perovskites

The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure.     

Al-Cu-Fe QUASICRYSTALLINE PHASE FORMATION BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

Al-Cu-Fe alloys were prepared from elemental powders in a high-energy planetary ball mill. A sequence of solid state reactions resulting in quasicrystal (QC) phase formation takes place during heating of the as-milled powder. These reactions were studied by both differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction methods. Mechanically alloyed powders were consolidated by cold and hot pressing, as well as by explosive compaction. After annealing at sufficiently high temperatures, the consolidated samples are single-phase QC, except the ones consolidated by explosion. The high reactivity of the as-milled alloys causes the appearance of high porosity of the consolidated samples after the annealing.